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Appropriate government

Appropriate government, means in relation to public authority which is established, constituted, owned, controlled or substantially financed by funds provided directly or indirectly--(i) by the Central Government or the Union Territory administration, the Central Government, (ii) by the State Government, the State Government [Right to Information Act, 2005 (22 of 2005), s. 2(a)]The Appropriate Government means, in relation to fees or stamp relating to documents presented or to be presented before any officer serving under the Central Government, that Government, and in relation to any other fees or stamps, the State Government. [Court-Fees Act, 1870 (7 of 1870), s. 1A]Means as respects any matter--(i) enumerated in List II of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution. (ii) relating to any State law enacted under List III of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution. [Information Technology Act, 2000 (21 of 2000), s. 2 (1) (e)]Means in relation to any major port the Central Government, an...

Government work

Government work, means a work which is made or published by or under the direction or control of--(i) the Government or any department of the Government;(ii) any Legislature in India;(iii) any court, tribunal or other judical authority of India. [Copyright Act, 1957 (14 of 1957), ss. 2(k)]...

Chief whip

Chief whip, in the Indian Parliament the chief whip of the Government party in Lok Sabha is the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs; he directly responsible to the leader of the House and advisers the Government on Parliamentary business. He ensures quorum in the House and advices the Government on Parliamentary business. He ensures quorum in the House and that adequate number of members of the party are present at the time of voting and sends advance intimation through the familiar system of ordinary one, two and three line whips. He selects the speakers from his party and also the members for select committees etc. In the Rajya Sabha, the Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs holds the position of Chief Whip of the Government party. Practice and Procedure of Parliament, M.N. Kaul and S.L. Sakdhar, 5th Edn., 2001, p. 148.The Government whip performs the most important duties, he is officially designated as Parliamentary secretary to the Treasury and his main work is the organizati...

Unskilled office work

Unskilled office work, means work done in an establishment by any of the following categories of employees, namely:(1) daftri;(2) jemadar, orderly and peon;(3) dusting man or farash;(4) bundel or record lifter;(5) process server;(6) watchman;(7) sweeper;(8) any other employees doing any routine or unskilled work which the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare to be unskilled office work. [Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification of Vacancies) Act, 1959 (31 of 1959), s. 2 (i)]...

Newspaper

Newspaper, means any printed periodical work containing public news or comments on public news and includes such other class of printed periodical work as may, from time to time, be notified in this behalf by the Central Government in the Official Gazette. [Working Journalists and Other Newspaper Employees (Conditions of Service) and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1955 (45 of 1955), s. 2 (b)]The essential pre-requisite of a periodical work containing public news or comments on public news, P.S.V. Iyer v. Commissioner of Sales Tax, AIR 1960 Ori 221 (223). (Orissa Sales Tax Act, 1947)Any paper to be classified as a newspaper, would contain a report of recent events, Commissioner of Sales Taxi v. Express Printing Press, AIR 1983 Bom 190 (192). [Bombay Sales Act, (51 of 1959), s. 2(3)][s. 81, Indian Evidence Act]The expression 'newspaper' as defined in the Working Journalists and Other Newspaper Employees (Conditions of Service) and Miscellaneous Provisions Act includes not merely 'public n...

Department

Department, includes any division or branch of a department. [Army Act, 1950, s. 3 (ix)]Department means a department of Studies of the University. [Central Agricultural University Act, (40 of 1992), s. 2(h)]The word Department connotes a branch of division of government administration. For the sake of convenience the government work is divided subjectwise or functionwise, and each such division may be called a department. The word 'department' is capable of a wider meaning as also a narrower meaning. Narcotics Control Bureau is a department of Central Government, State v. Kulwant Singh, (2003) 9 SCC 193....

Workmen

Workmen, if a person is mainly doing supervisory work, but, incidentally or for a fraction of the time, also does some clerical work, it would have to be held that he is employed in supervisory capacity; and, conversely, if the main work done is of clerical nature, the mere fact that some supervisory duties are also carried out incidentally or as a small fraction of the work done by him will not convert his employment as a clerk into one in supervisory capacity, Ananda Bazar Patrika (P) Ltd. v. The Workmen, (1970) 3 SCC 248.Those earning their livelihood by manual labour.Workmen's Dwellings.-See HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES.As to facilities for small dwellings not exceeding a rateable value of 100l. a year see (English) Settled land Act, 1925, ss. 57, 107 and 117. See LABOURERS' DWELLINGS.Workmen (Unemployed).-The Local Government Act, 1929 (19 Geo.5, c. 17), s. 12, repealed the Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905, which established distress committees, whose functions were to ascertain con...

Open space

Open space, means it is only with reference to the country that the word 'open' carries the meaning 'free from wood building etc.' Accepting the several meanings of the word 'open' the existence of 7 or 8 scattered trees within the space sixty feet wide all round would not render the entire space any less an open space within the meaning of that expression in the proviso to rule 18(a) of the Madras Places of Public Resort Act II of 1888. It is equally clear that the existence of say one free at one corner of the space would not prevent the space being an open space, Nachimuthu v. Ramaswami Chettiar, 69 MLW 887: (1956) 2 MLJ 556 (DB).By the (English) Metropolitan Open Spaces Acts of 1877 and 1881, the (English) Metropolitan Board of Works (succeeded by the London County Council, under s. 40, sub-s. 8, of the (English) Local Government Act, 1888) had power to acquire and to hold of the use of the public any open spaces within the metropolis. These Acts were extended, with amendments, to ...

Public health

Public health. The first (English) Public Health Act was passed in 1848 (11 & 12 Vict. c. 63); this was an adoptive Act not applying to London, and forms the foundation of modern sanitary legislation. It was followed by some twenty nine amending Acts which were repealed and consolidated by the Public Health Act, 1875 (the Local Government Act, 1933 (23 & 24 Geo. 5, c. 51), repeals certain sections of this Act, re-enacting them with amendments), which thus formed a sanitary code for England outside the metropolis. This Act has been since amended and extended by subsequent statutes. The latest is the Public Health Act, 1936 (26 Geo. 5 and 1 Edw. 8, c. 49), which, as from 1st October, 1937, consolidates many of the provisions of earlier legislation, without, however, repealing parts of the Public Health Acts of 1875, 1890, 1907 and 1925. The Act repeals and replaces among other enact-ments and as from various dates respectively provided by the Act: the whole of the Baths and Wash-houses A...

Copyright

Copyright, an incorporeal right, being the exclusive privilege of printing, reprinting, selling, and publishing is own original work which the statute law first gave to an author in 1709, by 8 Anne, c. 19, for the term of fourteen years. Whether the right exited at Common Law is a long-vexed and still undetermined question. See Jeffries v. Boosey, (1854) 4 HLC 815. There is no copyright in an illegal or immoral publication, Southey v. Sherwood, (1817) 2 Mer 435; Stockdale v. Onwhyn, (1826) 5 B&C 173.The law of copyright now depends mainly on the (English) Copyright Act,1911 (1 & 2 Geo. 5, c. 46) (July 1, 1912), and 'no person shall be entitled to copyright or any similar right in any literary dramatic, musical, or artistic work, whether published or unpublished, otherwise than under and in accordance with the provisions of this Act, or of any other statutory enactment for the time being in force' (s. 31).By sub-s. 2 of s. 1 of this Act 'copyright' is thus defined:--For the purposes of ...

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