Workmen, if a person is mainly doing supervisory work, but, incidentally or for a fraction of the time, also does some clerical work, it would have to be held that he is employed in supervisory capacity; and, conversely, if the main work done is of clerical nature, the mere fact that some supervisory duties are also carried out incidentally or as a small fraction of the work done by him will not convert his employment as a clerk into one in supervisory capacity, Ananda Bazar Patrika (P) Ltd. v. The Workmen, (1970) 3 SCC 248.
Those earning their livelihood by manual labour.
Workmen's Dwellings.-See HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES.
As to facilities for small dwellings not exceeding a rateable value of 100l. a year see (English) Settled land Act, 1925, ss. 57, 107 and 117. See LABOURERS' DWELLINGS.
Workmen (Unemployed).-The Local Government Act, 1929 (19 Geo.5, c. 17), s. 12, repealed the Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905, which established distress committees, whose functions were to ascertain conditions of labour in London and, by order of the Local Government Board (now Ministry of Health), other boroughs and districts, and assist applicants honestly desirous of obtaining work by work suitable treatment than under the poor law and (subject to the superintendence of a central body) by emigration or removal to another area; the funds being provided by a rate limited to one penny in the pound.
By the (English) Unemployment Assistance Act, 1934, i.e., Part II. of the (English) Unemployment Act, 1934 (24 & 25 Geo. 5, c. 29), the (English) Unemployment (Temporary) Provisions Act, 1935, and No. 2, 1935 (25 & 26 Geo. 5, c. 6, and 25 & 26 Geo. 5, c. 22), an Unemployment Assistance Board has been set up under the Ministry of Health. The functions of the Board are the assistance of persons (a) within the Contributory Pensions Acts (see PENSION), and (b) persons unemployed after attaining the age of 16 years, who might have reasonably expected to have been employed so as to qualify under those Acts if the industrial circumstances of the district had permitted, if such persons are in need of work; the promotion of their welfare; and, in particular, fitting them to obtain or return to regular employment;and the grant of unemployment allowances [ss. 35 and 36 of 1934 (c. 29)]; employment lost or estimated to have been lost owing to stoppage of work due to a trade dispute will disqualify for an allowance (ibid.). Provision is made for training courses for persons above 18 years of age (ss. 37 and 43); the circumstances in which allowances may be granted are indicated (s. 38); and see the Act of 1935 (c. 6) and (English) Unemployment Insurance Act, 1935, s. 54; officers of the Board are to determine applications (s. 39); appeals are provided for by s. 36. Secs. 44 to 47 and the temporary Act of 1935 (c. 22) relate to finance. An Unemployment Assistance Fund has been created to defray the general expenses, consisting partly of contributions by county and county borough councils and partly of moneys provided by Parliament
As to Unemployment Insurance, see NATIONAL INSUANCE ACTS.