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Land

it includes also houses, mills, castles, and other buildings; for with the conveyance of the land the structures upon it pass also. And besides an indefinite extent upwards, it extends downwards to the globe's centre, hence the … legal acceptation it is a generic term, comprehend-ing every species of ground, soil or earth, whatso-ever, as meadows, pastures, woods, moors, waters, marshes, furze and heath; it includes also houses, mills, castles, and other buildings; for with … solum ejus est altum. See Co. Litt. 4 a. In an (English) Act of Parliament passed after 1850 'land' includes messuages, tenements and hereditaments, houses,

Building

(1892) 1 QB 270, as an inclosure of brick or stone covered by a roof, and said by Park, J., in R. v. Gregory, (1833) 5 B. & Ad. At p. 561, not to include a wall; … An old railway carriage will be a 'new building' if the interior arrangements are altered, Hanrahan v. Leigh Urban Council, (1909) 2 KB 257. An advertisement hoarding is a building within a restrictive covenant, Nussey v. Provincial … a reservoir, Moran v. Marsland, (1909) 1 KB 744. The London Building Act, 1930 (20 & 21 Geo. 5, c. clviii.), has no definition. The

Held

Gujarat, 1995 Supp (1) SCC 596; AIR 1995 SC 142. The word 'held' in s. 9 of the U.P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950 means 'lawfully held'. Judicial propriety requires that if a bench of

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Government

Chandra Jain, AIR 1984 SC 399 (405): (1984) 2 SCC 404: (1984) 1 SCR 939. The expression 'Government' used in proviso to Rule 3(b) of the National Human Rights Commission Chairperson and Members (Salaries, Allowances and Other … any State Government. [General Clauses Act, 1897 (10 of 1897), s. 3(23)] That form of fundamental rules and principles by which a nation or state is governed; the state itself. The structure of principles and rules determining

Service

many divisions of this duty in our ancient law books, as into personal and real, which is either urbane or rustic, free and base, continua land annual, casual and accidental, intrinsic and extrinsic, certain and uncertain, etc. … owes to his lord. There are many divisions of this duty in our ancient law books, as into personal and real, which is either urbane or rustic, free and base, continua land annual, casual and accidental, intrinsic … to the defendant, and producing the original if required by him; and actual knowledge will not be equivalent to or dispense with a necessity for

Goods

not alter their status as 'goods' because the Code definition includes 'specially manufactured goods', Advent Systems Ltd. v. Unisys Corpn., 925 F. 2d 670 3d Cir 1991. Associated Cement Companies Ltd. v. Commissioner of Customs, AIR 2001 … Goods, Computer programs are the product of an intellectual process, but once implanted in a medium they are widely distributed to … Commissioner of Customs, AIR 2001 SC 862: (2001) 4 SCC 593. [Customs Act, 1962, ss. 2 (22) and 12] Goods, includes unfurnished ships in the

May

word 'may' must be given its ordinary and natural meaning. Primarily it is permissive in its meaning and until the contrary is established the word 'may' in section 6 of the Criminal (Amendment) Act could be read … May, Prima facie the word 'may' must be given its ordinary and natural meaning. Primarily it is permissive in its

Paper

[Indian Stamp Act, 1899, s. 2 (18)] The word 'paper' admittedly not having been defined either in the U.P. Sales Tax Act, 1948 or the rules made thereunder, it has to be understood according to the aforesaid

Consideration

parties. If the consideration, however, be so insufficient as to 'shock the conscience,' equity would quash the contract, upon the ground that such great inequality betokens mutual mistake, or fraud or undue advantage on the one side, … Consideration. Any act of the promisee (the person claiming the benefit of an obligation) from which the promisor (the person burdened with the obligation)

Inconsistent

have to see whether mutual co-existence between s. 34 of the Bonus Act and s. 3(b) of the U.P. Act is impossible. If they relate to the same subject-matter, to the same situation, and both substantially overlap

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