States Rights - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: states rightsstates' rights
states' rights 1 : rights and powers not forbidden to the states nor vested in the federal government by the U.S. Constitution 2 sing in constr : a doctrine based on states' rights that has been used to justify state resistance to federal authority in matters seen as the exclusive concern of the states and that is most often associated with the states favoring slavery and secession in the 19th century compare federalism ...
Right
Right [fr. recht, Teut.; rectus, Lat. The application of the same word to denote a staight line and moral rectitude of conduct, has obtained in every language I know, Dugald teward], in its primitive sense, that which the law directs; in popular acceptation, that which is so directed for the protection and advantage of an individual is said to be his right, 1 Stark. Evid. 1, n. (b). It has been described as a liberty of doing or possessing something consistently with law, or more strictly, the liberty of the doing or possessing something for the infringement of which there is a legal sanction. It is often confused in the popular mind with licence of the doing of something which his not prohibited by law, however damaging the act may be to individuals or the community. See MALUM IN SE.A 'right' is a legally protected interest, Mithilesh Kumari v. Prem Behari Khare, AIR 1989 SC 1247 (1255): (1989) 2 SCC 95: (1989) 1 SCR 621.A 'right' is an averment of entitlement arising out of legal rul...
Fundamental right
Fundamental right, is protected and guaranteed by the written Constitution of a State, Commentary or the Constitution of India, Vol. 1, p. 126.Part III of the Constitution deals with fundamental rights. These are paramount to ordinary State-made laws, A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras, 1950 SCR 76.Any State Act, which is repugnant to such rights is void, Mahendra v. State of Uttar Pradesh, AIR 1963 SC 1019.Fundamental rights, a right becomes a fundamental right because it has foundational value. Fundamental right is a limitation on the power of State. If is not to be regarded as a gift from State to its citizens but possessed by an individual independently by reason of basic fact that they are members of human race, M. Nagaraj v. Union of India, 2006 (8) SCC 212: 2006 (9) JT 191: 2006 (10) SCALE 301: 2006 (8) Supreme 89: 2006 (8) SLT 1: 2006 (8) SCJ 457 [Constitution of India, Arts. 14 to 30]...
Right of private defence
Right of private defence, the right of private defence of person and property is recognised in all free, civilised, democratic societies within certain reasonable limits. Those limits are dictated by two considerations: (1) that the same right is claimed by all other members of the society and (2) that it is the State which generally undertakes the responsibility for the maintenance of law and order. The citizens, as a general rule, are neither expected to run away of safety when faced with grave and imminent danger to their person or property as a result of unlawful aggression, nor are they expected, by use of force, to right the wrongs done to them or to punish the wrongdoer for commission of offences. The right of private defence serves a social purpose and as observed by the Supreme Court more than once there is nothing more degrading to the human spirit than to run away in face of peril. But this right is basically preventive and not punitive, Gottipulla Venkata Siva Subbrayanam v...
Janmam rights
Janmam rights, Janman rights in the States of Madras and Kerala are rights of hereditary proprietorship in land. These rights, like the rights created by grant of jagir or inam relating to land which included agricultural lands or waste lands or forests and hills are brought within the definition of the word 'estate', and are liable to be acquired by the State under art. 31A(1)(a), State of Kerala v. Gwalior Rayon Silk Manufacturing (Wvg.) Co. Ltd., AIR 1973 SC 2734 (2742): (1973) 2 SCC 713: (1974) 1 SCR 671. Constitution of India Art. 31A(2)(a)(i)....
state action
state action 1 : an action that is either taken directly by the state or bears a sufficient connection to the state to be attributed to it NOTE: State actions are subject to judicial scrutiny for violations of the rights to due process and equal protection guaranteed under the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Such an action may be the subject of a claim brought under federal law (as section 1983) by one alleging a violation of constitutional rights, privileges, or immunities. 2 : state efforts to displace competition with regulation or a state-supervised monopoly NOTE: Such efforts are immune from antitrust liability. ...
Legal right
Legal right, 'legal right' is a difficult concept, legal right in its strict sense is one which is an assertable claim, enforceable before Courts and administrative agencies; in its wider sense, a legal right has to be understood as any advantage or benefit conferred upon a person by a rule of law; there are legal rights which are not enforceable, though recognized by the law; there are rights recognised by the International Court, granted by international law; but not enforceable; a legal right is a capacity of asserting a secured interest rather than a claim that could be asserted in the Courts, Daniel Hailey Walcott v. State, AIR 1968 Mad 349 (355). (Penal Code, 1860, s. 30)It includes not only rights conferred by statute but also those which may be claimed independently of any statute, Anandrao Laxmanrao Mandloi v. Board of Revenue, AIR 1965 MP 237 (247) (FB).A legal right may be defined as an advantage or benefit conferred upon a person by a rule of law. Immunity in short is no li...
Directive principles of State Policy
Directive principles of State Policy, some of the important directive principles require the State to strive to secure for its citizen legal justice and free legal aid, Constitution of India, Art. 39(A).A law giving effect to any of the Directive Principles shall not be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with or takes away or abridges only of the rights conferred by Article 14 or Article 19 of the Constitution, Constitution of India, Art. 3(C).is the constitutional directions and principles fundamental in the governance of the country, Constitution of India, Art. 37.Broadly classified under three categories (i) economic ideals which State should strive to attain, (ii) directions to the legislatures and executive regarding their exercise of powers, and (iii) certain rights of the citizens which the State has to secure by its legislative and administrative policy, Commentary of the Constitution of India, Durga Das Basu, Vol. 11, p. 303.It is the duty of the State to apply these p...
Right to sue
Right to sue, the 'right to sue' means the right to bring a suit asserting a right to the same relief which the deceased plaintiff asserted at the time of his death'. Thus, contracts involving the exercise of special skill like a promise to paint a picture do not bind the representatives of the promisor, nor do they create in them a right that can survive the death of the promisor, Phool Rani v. Naubat Rai Ahluwalia, AIR 1973 SC 2110: (1973) 1 SCC 688: (1973) 3 SCR 679. [Delhi rent Control Act, 1958, s. 14(1)(e)](ii) The term 'right to sue' must be equated with 'cause of action', unless the context indicates otherwise, Gurdit Singh v. Munsha Singh, AIR 1977 SC 640: (1977) 1 SCC 791: (1977) 2 SCR 250.The words 'right to sue' ordinarily mean the right to seek relief by means of legal proceedings. The right to sue accrues only when the cause of action arises, that is, the right to prosecute to obtain relief by legal means, State of Punjab v. Gurdev Singh, AIR 1991 SC 2219 (2220): (1991) 4...
Existence or extent of a legal right
Existence or extent of a legal right, Ordinarily and generally, in any suit including the one under art. 131 the competition is between the legal right of the plaintiff and the defendant. But primarily, and almost invariably, the plaintiff has to establish his legal right in order to succeed in the suit. As against the claim of the plaintiff, if the legal right of the defendant is established, the suit is bound to fail. But on failure of either to establish his own legal right, the suit will still fail because the plaintiff cannot succeed unless he establishes his legal right. This proposition of law is so clear and axiomatic that the expression - 'the existence or extent of a legal right' - used in art. 131 undoubtedly is meant to bring about this result, State of Karnataka v. Union of India, (1977) 4 SCC 608: AIR 1978 SC 68: (1978) 2 SCR 1....