Sec 68 - Law Dictionary Search Results
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securities and exchange commission (sec) The five-member board appointed by the president that regulates and oversees stock trading and enforces federal securities statutes. Source: FindLaw ...
Royal Arms
Royal Arms. There are two statutory provisions relating to the unauthorized use of the Royal Arms, namely, s. 68 of the Trade Marks Act, 1905 (see TRADE MARKS), which is as follows:-68. --If any person, without the authority of His Majesty, uses in connexion with any trade, business, calling, or profession, the Royal Arms (or arms so closely resembling the same as to be calculated to deceive) in such manner as to be calculated to lead to the belief that he is duly authorized so to use the Royal Arms, or if any person without the authority of His Majesty or of a member of the Royal Family, uses in connexion with any trade, business, calling, or profession any device, emblem, or title in such manner as to be calculated to lead to the belief that he is employed by or supplies goods to His Majesty or such member of the Royal Family, he may, at the suit of any person who is authorized to use such arms or such device, emblem, or title, or is authorized by the Lord Chamberlain to take proceed...
By-laws, or bye-laws
By-laws, or bye-laws [fr. bilagines, from by, Sax., pagus, civitas, and lagen, lex, Spelm.], the laws, regulations, and constitutions of corporations, for the government of their members. See per Lord Russell, C.J., in Kruse v. Johnson, (1898) 2 QB 91. They are binding, unless contrary to law, or unreasonable, and against the common benefit, and then they are void.No trading company is allowed to make by-laws which may affect the crown, or the common profit of the people under penalty of 40l., unless they be approved by the chancellor, treasurer, and chief justices, or the judges of assize, 19 Hen. 7, c. 7.County Councils and Borough Councils under Local Government Act, 1933 (23 & 24 Geo. 5, c. 51) (English) s. 249; may make by-laws for the good rule and government of the whole or any part of the county or borough, as the case may be, and for the prevention and suppression of nuisances; Provided that by-laws made under this section by a County Council shall not have effect in any borou...
Shall
Shall, a word of slippery semantics in a rule is not decisive and the context of the statute, the purpose of the prescription, the public injury in the event of neglect of the rule and the conspectus of circumstances bearing on the importance of the condition have all to be considered before condemning a violation as fatal, State of Punjab v. Shamlal Murari, (1976) 1 SCC 719.Shall, does not always mean that an act is obligatory or mandatory and it depends upon the context in which the word 'shall' occurs and the other circumstances, Ramnath Narayana Mauzo of Margoa v. Union Government of India, AIR 1968 Goa 85.Shall, does not always mean that the enactment is obligatory or mandatory. It depends upon the context in which the word shall occurs and the other circumstances, State of Madhya Pradesh v. Azad Bharat Finance Co., (1966) (Supp) SCR 473: (1967) 1 SCJ 815.Shall, in a statute, though generally taken in a mandatory sense, does not necessarily mean that in every case it shall have th...
Women's modesty
Women's modesty, the essence of a woman's modesty is her sex. The modesty of an adult female is writ large on her body. Young or old, intelligent or imbecile, awake or sleeping, the woman possesses a modesty capable of being outraged. Whoever uses criminal force to her with intent to outrage her modesty commits an offence punishable under s. 354. The culpable intention of the accused is the crux of the matter. The reaction of the woman is very relevant, but its absence is not always decisive, as for example, when the accused with a corrupt mind stealthily touches the flesh of a sleeping woman. She may be an idiot, she may be under the spell of anaesthesia, she may be sleeping, she may be unable to appreciate the significance of the act: nevertheless, the offender is punishable under the section, State of Punjab v. Major Singh, AIR 1967 SC 63 (68): 1966 Supp SCR 286....
Unfair trade practice
Unfair trade practice, means a trade practice which, for the purpose of promoting the sale, use or supply any goods or for the provision of any service, adopts any unfair method or unfair or deceptive practice. [Consumer Protection Act, 1986 (68 of 1986), s. 2(r)]Section 36A of the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practice Act, 1969 defines 'Unfair Trade Practice': In this part, unless the context otherwise requires, 'unfair trade practice' means a trade practice which, for the purpose of promoting the sale, use or supply of any goods or for the provision of any services, adopts one or more of the following practices and thereby causes loss or injury to the consumers of such goods or services, whether by eliminating or restricting competition or otherwise, namely: (1) The practice of making any statement, whether orally or in writing or by visible representation which falsely represents that the goods are of a particular standard, quality, grade, composition, style or model; represents...
New building
New building. Under the (English) Road Improvement Act, 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5, c. 68), s. 11, new building 'includes any addition to an existing building.'The question whether any building is a 'new building' is in general one of fact, see Ballard v. Horton's Estate Ltd., (1926) 24 LGR 449. So also in the case of temporary buildings (q.v.), Rodwell v. Wade, (1924) 23 LGR 174; and Keeling v. Wirral Rural District Council, (1925) 23 LGR 201.S. 23 of the (English) Public Health Act (Amendment) Act, 1907 (7 Edw. 7, c. 53), contained elaborate definitions of a 'new building,' but this section has been repealed as from the 1st October, 1937, by the Public Health Act, 1936, and of which the provisions relating to building and building bye-laws will be found in Part II. of the Act. 'New building' is not defined, but s. 62 provides for the application of bye-laws for the construction, materials, space for, lighting, ventilation, and dimensions of rooms for human habitation, also height of existi...
Area
Area [Lat., a threshing-floor], (1) an enclosed yard or open place connected with a house; (2) a district for particular purposes, as a school board area, a parliamentary electoral area, a local government district (see Part viii of the Public Health Act, 1875), a Poor Law Union of parishes, as to which, see UNION; (3) Metaphor, the region of discussion; (4) In the London Building Act, 1930, s. 5, contains this definition: 'area' in relation to a building means the superficies of a horizontal section thereof made at the point of its greatest surface inclusive of the external walls and of such portions of the party walls as belong to the building.'Area' means the area (including all the buildings, structures or other properties comprises therein) specified in the Schedule. [Acquisition of Certain Area at Ayodhya, (33 of 1993), s. 2(a)]An area simpliciter is certainly not a route. Its potentiality to become a route would not make it a route. A route is an area plus something more, C.P. S...
Building
Building, defined by Lord Esher in Moir v. Williams, (1892) 1 QB 270, as an inclosure of brick or stone covered by a roof, and said by Park, J., in R. v. Gregory, (1833) 5 B. & Ad. At p. 561, not to include a wall; but the definition depends on circumstances, and may include a reservoir, Moran v. Marsland, (1909) 1 KB 744. The London Building Act, 1930 (20 & 21 Geo. 5, c. clviii.), has no definition. The term 'new building' was defined in s. 23 of the (English) Public Health Acts Amendment Act,1907 (c. 53) (now repealed); and see also Southend-on-Sea Corporation v. Archer, (1901) 70 LJ KB 328; South Shields Corporation v. Wilson, (1901) 84 LT 267. An old railway carriage will be a 'new building' if the interior arrangements are altered, Hanrahan v. Leigh Urban Council, (1909) 2 KB 257. An advertisement hoarding is a building within a restrictive covenant, Nussey v. Provincial Bill Posting Co., (1909) 1 Ch 734; Stevens v. Willing & Co. Ltd., 1929 WN 53. See also Paddington Corporation v...
Limited liability
Limited liability. At Common Law every person is liable, upon his contracts, up to the whole amount of his estate, and every partner is so liable upon all the contracts of the partnership. So extensive a liability being apt to prevent persons from engaging in business as partners, the statutes authorizing the construction of railways, etc., have always limited the liability of each shareholder to the amount of the shares held by him. Similar limitations, extending in some cases to double the amount of shares held, have also long been found (though not universally) in the charters of incorporated banks and insurance companies.Companies Acts.--Under the Companies Acts, limited liability means that the members are not liable beyond the unpaid-up part (if any) of the nominal amount of the shares in respect of which they are registered in the books of the company. When a share has been fully paid up, no further liability exists. As to shares which have not been fully paid up, see CONTRIBUTO...
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