Handicraft - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: handicraftIndustry
Industry, 'Industrial dispute' and 'workman' taken in the extended significance, or exclude it. Though the word 'undertaking' in definition of industry is wedged in between business and trade on the one hand and manufacture on the other, and though therefore it might mean only a business or trade undertaking, still it must be remembered that if that were so, there was no need to use the word separately from business or trade. The wider import is attracted even more clearly when we look at the latter part of the definition which refers to 'calling, service, employment, or industrial occupation of, avocation of workman. 'Undertak-ing' in the first part of the definition and 'industrial occupation or avocation in the second part obviously mean much more than what is ordinarily understood by trade or business. The definition was apparently intended to include within scope what might not strictly be called a trade or business venture, Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board v. A. Rajappa,...
Producer
Producer, in relation to a cinematograph film or sound recording, means a person who takes the initiative and responsibility for making the work. [Copyright Act, 1957 (14 of 1957), s. 2 (uu)]In relation to a feature film, means the person by whom the arrangements necessary for the making of such film (including the raising of finances and engaging cine-workers for the making of such film) are undertaken. [Cine-workers and Cinema Theatre Workers (Regulations of employment) Act, 1981 (5 of 1981), s. 2(h)]In relation to goods, means any person who,--(i) if such goods are agricultural goods, produces the goods and includes the person who processes or packages such goods;(ii) if such goods are natural goods, exploits the goods;(iii) if such goods are handicraft or industrial goods, makes or manufacture the goods, and includes any person who trades or deals in such production, exploitation, making or manufacturing, as the case may be, of the goods. [Geographical Indications of Goods (Registr...
Trade Union
Trade Union. The Acts 30 & 31 Vict. cc. 8, 74, provided for facilitating the proceedings of a commission appointed by Queen Victoria to inquire into and report on the organization and rules of trade unions, and other associations of employers and workmen. The (English) Trade Union Act, 1871 (34 & 35 Vict. c. 31), provides:-S. 2. 'The purposes of any trade union shall not, by reason merely that they are in restraint of trade, be deemed to be unlawful, so as to render any member of such trade union liable to criminal prosecution for conspiracy or otherwise.'S. 3. 'The purposes of any trade union shall not, by reason merely that they are in restraint of trade, be unlawful so as to render void or voidable any agreement or trust.'S. 4. 'Nothing in this Act shall enable any court to entertain any legal proceeding instituted with the object of directly enforcing or recovering damages for breach of any of the following agreements, namely,(1) Any agreement between members of a trade union as su...
Pedlars
Pedlars, certificated persons who travel about offering their goods or skill in handicraft for sale, between whom and hawkers there is the statutory distinction that the hawker travels with a horse, whereas the pedlar does not. See HAWKERS AND PEDLARS, and Pedlars Acts, 1871 and 1881....
Labour and skill
Labour and skill, the dictionary meaning of 'skill', inter alia, is: 'the familiar knowledge of any science, art, or handicraft, as shown by dexterity in execution or performance; technical ability' and the meaning of 'labour' inter alia, is: 'physical or mental exertion, particularly for some useful or desired end, Chandrakant Manilal Shah v. CIT, AIR 1992 SC 66 (75): (1992) 1 SCC 76....
Industry and Industrial dispute
Industry and Industrial dispute, 'industry' and 'industrial dispute' are defined in the Act in s. 2, clauses (j) and (k) of the Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 as follows: '(j) 'industry' means any business, trade, undertaking, manufacture or calling of employers and includes any calling, service, employment, handicraft, or industrial occupation or avocation of workmen; (k) 'industrial dispute' means any dispute or difference between employers and employers, or between employers and workmen, or between workmen and workmen, which is connected with the employment or non-employment or the terms of employment or with the conditions of labour, of any person', D.N. Banerji v. P.R. Mukherjee, AIR 1953 SC 58 (59): (1953) SCR 302....
Industrial and Provident Societies
Industrial and Provident Societies. The (English) Statutes regulating these societies, 25 & 26Vict. c. 87, 30 & 31 Vict. c. 117, and 34 & 35 Vict. c. 80, were consolidated by the Industrial and Provident Societies Act, 1876 (39 & 40 Vict. c. 45), which by s. 6 provided for the registration of societies 'for carrying on any labour, trade, or handicraft, in-cluding the buying or selling of land, of which no member shall claim an interest in the funds exceeding 200l.'This Act was repealed and re-enacted with amend-ment by the (English) Industrial and Provident Societies Act, 1893 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 39), which pro-vides for the registration as an industrial and provident society of any society for carrying on any 'industries, businesses, trades specified in or authorized by its rules, whether wholesale or retail, and including dealings of every description with land,' but enacts that no member other than a registered society shall have any interest in the shares exceeding 200l. and contains...
Housing of the working classes
Housing of the working classes. The Housing Act, 1936 (26 Geo. 5, and 1 Edw. 8, c. 51), replaces with amendments the Housing Acts, 1925, 1930 and 1935, and consolidates the general law on the subject with some exceptions, chiefly relating to agricultural populations and needs, which are also provided for in unrepeated portions of the Acts of 1930 and 1935. Very wide powers are conferred on local authorities over the ownership of land and housing properties, and populations within their districts, enabling those authorities to make bye-laws for houses occupied or adaptable for the working classes; to effect the clearance, demolition, rebuilding, redevelopment or improvement of houses either singly or in whole areas and other-wise regulating sites or houses; to prevent over-crowding, and generally making it incumbent on these authorities to review and provide for the housing conditions of the working classes, and in addition giving powers of compulsory expropria-tion of private owners fr...
Hawkers and pedlars
Hawkers and pedlars, persons who carry their goods from place to place for sale. In 1810 (50 Geo. 3, c. 41), imposed a licence duty on them and made various provisions in regard to their trade. After many amending Acts (see, e.g., 52 Geo. 3, c. 108, 26 & 27 Vict. c. 18, Sched. B, 22 & 23 Vict. c. 36) the (English) Hawkers Act, 1888 (51 & 52 Vict. c. 33), has regulated the business of hawkers, defining, for the purposes of the Act, a hawker as a person who travels about selling or exposing samples with a horse or other beast bearing or drawing burden, the Pedlars Act, 1871 (34 & 35 Vict. c. 96), for regulating the business of peddlers, having already defined a peddler for the purposes of that Act as a person traveling about selling or procuring orders for goods or selling his skill in handicraft, without a horse, etc. see Woolwich Local Board v. Gardiner, (1895) 2 QB 497.A hawker's licence costs 2l. a year, and except by way of renewal of a licence for the year immediately preceding, is...
Handicrafts
Handicrafts, Manual skill; manual art or trade or occupation; man skilled in a handicraft, Padmini Products v. Collector, Central Excise, AIR 1989 SC 2278 (2281): (1989) 4 SCC 275: (1989) 3 SCR 873. (Central Excise and Salt Act, 1944, Sch I. Tariff Item 68)Furniture as such does not qualify as handicrafts. It may be characterised as 'handicrafts' if the following tests are satisfied:-'(1) It must be predominantly made by hand. It does not matter if some machinery is also used in the process.(2) It must be graced with visual appeal in the nature of ornamentation or inlay work or some similar work lending it an element or artistic improve-ment. Such ornamentation must be of a substantial nature and not a mere pretence, CCE v. Louis Shoppe, (1996) 3 SCC 445. [Central Excise and Salt Act, 1944, s. 5A; Central Excise Rules, 1944 R. 8(1) (Since omitted)]'...
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