Constructive Condition - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: constructive condition Page: 3 Page 3 of about 54 results (0.004 seconds)bond
bond 1 a : a usually formal written agreement by which a person undertakes to perform a certain act (as appear in court or fulfill the obligations of a contract) or abstain from performing an act (as committing a crime) with the condition that failure to perform or abstain will obligate the person or often a surety to pay a sum of money or will result in the forfeiture of money put up by the person or surety ;also : the money put up NOTE: The purpose of a bond is to provide an incentive for the fulfillment of an obligation. It also provides reassurance that the obligation will be fulfilled and that compensation is available if it is not fulfilled. In most cases a surety is involved, and the bond makes the surety responsible for the consequences of the obligated person's behavior. Some bonds, such as fidelity bonds, function as insurance agreements, in which the surety promises to pay for financial loss caused by the bad behavior of an obligated person or by some contingency over w...
Deed
Deed [fr. d'd, Sax.; ded gaded, Goth.;daed, Dut.], a formal document on paper or parchment duly signed, sealed, and delivered. It is either an indenture (factum inter partes) needing an actual indentation [(English) Real Property Act, 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 106), s. 5], reproduced by the Law of Property Act, 1925, s. 56 (2), made between two or more persons in different interests, or a deed-poll (charta de una parte) made by a single person or by two or more persons having similar interests. By the (English) Law of Property Act, 1925, s. 57, a deed may be described according to the nature of the transaction, e.g., 'this lease,' 'this mortgage,' etc., or as a 'deed' and not habitually by the word 'indenture.'The requisites of a deed are these:-(1) Sufficient parties and a proper subject of assurance.(2) It must be written, engrossed, printed, or lithographed, or partly written or engrossed, and partly printed or lithographed in any character or in any language, on paper, vellum, or parchm...
Notice
Notice, the making something known to a person of which he was or might be ignorant. Notice is either (1) statutory; (2) actual, which brings the knowledge of a fact directly home to the party; or (3) constructive or implied, which is no more than evidence of facts which raise such a strong presumption of notice that equity will not allow the presumption to be rebutted. [S. 154, I.P.C. and Art. 61(2)(a) const. 56 Indian Evidence Act]Constructive notice may be subdivided into: (a) where the facts of which actual evidence is supplied give rise to a further enquiry which a man exercising ordinary caution would make equity has added constructive notice of the facts, which that inquiry would have elicited; and (b) where there has been a designed abstinence from inquiry for the very purpose of avoiding notice. See CONSTRUCTIVE NOTICE.A purchaser with notice may protect himself by purchasing the title of another bona fide purchaser for a valuable consideration without notice; for, otherwise, ...
Remainder
Remainder [fr. remanentia, Lat.], that expectant portion, remnant, or residue of interest which, on the creation of a particular estate, is at the same time limited over to another, who is to enjoy it after the determination of such particular estate.After 1925 remainders can operate only as equitable interests, and in that manner they can be created in respect of personality as well as realty. The follow-ing explanation of legal remainders has been retained as relating to titles to land existing before 1926, and see (English) Law of Property Act, 1925, s. 4, as to the construction of equitable interests.A remainder may be limited in all freehold estates, but not strictly and technically in chattels real and personal, although these may be limited over after a previous limitation or a partial interest in them. It may be limited by way of use (which is, in practice, the usual method), as well as by a conveyance deriving its effect from the Common Law.In the same land there may at the sa...
Possession
Possession, correctly understood, means effective physical control or occupation. The word 'possession' is sometimes used inaccurately as synonymous with the right to possess, Gurucharan Singh v. Kamla Singh, (1976) 2 SCC 152.Possession, does not imply mere acts of the user, or of occupation alone, but the occupation must be with the intention of exercising some claim or right in respect of the property occupied. A person who has no claim to the property but succeeds by show of force in acquiring physical control over the same cannot be treated to be in its possession, notwith-standing his physical control over it, Ram Krishna v. Bhagwan Baksh Singh, (1961) All LJ 301.Possession, implies dominion and control and the consciousness in the mind of the person having dominion that he has it and can exercise it, Chhedi Ram v. Mahngoo Tiwari, 1969 All WR (HC) 230.Possession, in common parlance denoted to occupy, to have or hold as owner, to obtain, to maintain, Krishna Prasad Jaiswal v. Kanti...
Cy-pres
Cy-pres (near to it). The principle of this doctrine of construction is, that where a testator hs two objects,one primary or general and the other secondary or particular, which are incompatible, the particular must be sacrificed in order that effect may be given to the general object, as near as may be to the testator' intention, according to law. Thus, where a testator has devised lands in a manner transgressing the rules of perpetuity and the Court can by giving the estates tail to the devisees, or any of them carry the property in the precise course marked out by the testator, supposing the estates left to themselves, it will do so, see Monypenny v. Dering, 16 M & W 418. The doctrine did not apply to personalty nor to a mixed fund. See Re Harwood, Coleman v. Innes, 1936 Ch 285.It is also applied to charitable bequests, and was formerly pushed to a most extra-vagant length. But this sensible distinction now prevails, that the court will not decree the execution of a charitable trust...
Goods
Goods, Computer programs are the product of an intellectual process, but once implanted in a medium they are widely distributed to computer owners. An analogy can be drawn to a compact-disc recording of an orchestral rendition. The music is produced by the artistry of musicians and in itself is not a 'good', but when transferred to a laser-readable disc it becomes a readily merchant-able commodity. Similarly, when a professor deliv-ers a lecture, it is not a good, but, when transcribed as a book, it becomes a good. That a computer program may be copyrightable as intellectual property does not alter the fact that once in the form of a floppy disc or other medium, the program is tangible, moveable and available in the marketplace. The fact that some programs may be tailored for specific purposes need not alter their status as 'goods' because the Code definition includes 'specially manufactured goods', Advent Systems Ltd. v. Unisys Corpn., 925 F. 2d 670 3dCir 1991. Associated Cement Compa...
Service
Service [fr. servitium, Lat.], that duty which a tenant, by reason of his estate, owes to his lord. There are many divisions of this duty in our ancient law books, as into personal and real, which is either urbane or rustic, free and base, continua land annual, casual and accidental, intrinsic and extrinsic, certain and uncertain, etc. see TENURE.The formal delivery of a writ, summons of other legal process 2. The formal delivery of some other legal notice such as pleading, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 1372.The formal mode of bringing a writ or other process, or a notice in a suit, to the knowledge of the person affected by it.The service of writs of summons is regulated by (English) R.S.C. 1883, Ord. IX., which by r. 1 dispenses wit service, when (as is usual) the defendant, by his solicitor, agrees to accept service, and enters an appearance. By r. 2, service, when required, must be personal, unless an order for 'substituted service, or the substitution of notice for service,...
Pawn or Pledge
Pawn or Pledge [fr. pignus, Lat.], a bailment of goods by a debtor to his creditor, to be kept till the debt is discharged.A mortgage of goods is in the Common Law distinguishable from a mere pledge or pawn. By a mortgage the whole legal title passes conditionally to the mortgagee; and if the goods be not redeemed at the stipulated time, the title becomes absolute at law although equity allows a redemption. But in a pledge, a special property only passes to the pledgee, the general property remaining in the pledgor. Also, in the case of a pledge, the right of a pledgee is not consummated, except by possession; and, ordinarily, when that possession is relinquished, the right of the pledgee is extinguished or waived. But, in the case of a mortgage of personal property the right of property passes by the conveyance to the mortgagee, and the possession is not or may not be essential to create or support the title.As to things which may be the subject of pawn: These are, ordinarily, goods a...
Shall
Shall, a word of slippery semantics in a rule is not decisive and the context of the statute, the purpose of the prescription, the public injury in the event of neglect of the rule and the conspectus of circumstances bearing on the importance of the condition have all to be considered before condemning a violation as fatal, State of Punjab v. Shamlal Murari, (1976) 1 SCC 719.Shall, does not always mean that an act is obligatory or mandatory and it depends upon the context in which the word 'shall' occurs and the other circumstances, Ramnath Narayana Mauzo of Margoa v. Union Government of India, AIR 1968 Goa 85.Shall, does not always mean that the enactment is obligatory or mandatory. It depends upon the context in which the word shall occurs and the other circumstances, State of Madhya Pradesh v. Azad Bharat Finance Co., (1966) (Supp) SCR 473: (1967) 1 SCJ 815.Shall, in a statute, though generally taken in a mandatory sense, does not necessarily mean that in every case it shall have th...
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