Manufacturing process, means any process for--
(i) making altering, repairing, ornamenting, finishing, packing, oiling, washing, cleaning, breaking up, demolishing, or otherwise treating or adapting any article or substance with a view to its use, sale, transport, delivery or disposal, or
(ii) pumping oil, water, sewage or any other substance; or
(iii) generating, transforming or transmitting power; or
(iv) composing types for printing, printing by letter press, lithography, photogravure or other similar process or book binding; or
(v) constructing, reconstructing, repairing, refitting, finishing or breaking up ships or vessels; or
(vi) preserving or storing any article in cold storage. [Factories Act, 1948 (63 of 1948), s. 2 (k)]
It means any process for, or incidental to, making, finishing or packing or otherwise treating any article or substance with a view to its use, sale, transport, delivery or disposal as beedi or cigar or both. [Beedi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966 (32 of 1966), s. 2 (k)]
The process of converting sea water into salt comes within the definition of 'manufacturing process' in clauses (k) of s. 2 of the Act, Ardeshir H Bhiwandi-wala v. State of Bombay, (1961) 3 SCR 592: AIR 1962 SC 29 (35). [Factories Act (63 of 1948), s. 2(k)]
A process whereunder Grey Cotton Duck/Canvas is treated with soap, colour and water in a soaping machine and the processed fabrics is used in different shops of the tyre factory cannot be called a manufacturing process since the said process cannot be said to be one which results in changing the identity of the cloth which is subjected to the said treatment and the said process does not give rise to a new product which is marketable, Dunlop India Ltd. v. Union of India, (1994) 4 SCC 686 (687).
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