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Manufacture

be transformation, a new and different article must emerge having a distinctive name, character or use, Hindustan Poles Corporation v. Commissioner of Central Excise, (2006) 4 SCC 85: (2006) 4 JT 185: (2006) 3 SCALE 601: (2006)

Intoxicating liquor

generally used for beverage purposes wand produce intoxication but would also include liquids containing alcohol, State of U.P. v. Synthetics and Chemicals Ltd., AIR 1980 SC 614: (1980) 2 SCR 531: (1980) 2 SCC 441. [Constitution of … the premises only an 'off-licence' 3. Duration of Licence.--Each licence (except 'a new licence,' see below) is expressed (see s. 4) to be for one … Intoxicating liquor, the word 'intoxicating liquor' is not confined to potable liquor alone but would include all liquor which contain alcohol. Liquor should not only cover alcoholic

libel

c : the crime or tort of publishing a libel see also single publication rule New York Times Co. v. Sullivan in the Important Cases section compare defamation, slander NOTE: Although libel is defined under state case law

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Penalty

terrorem of the offending party: the essence of liquidated damages is a genuine covenanted pre-estimate of loss, Dunlop Co. v. New Garage Co., 1915 AC 79; approved in Widnes Foundry (1925) Ltd. v. Cellulose Acetate Co. Ltd., (1931) 2

Agent

the Parliamentary Elections Act, 1868 (31 & 32 Vict. c. 125), by new law. As to bribery of agents and their secret profits, see CORRUPTION. … with the maxim, qui facit per alium facit per se, to fix him with the same liability in contract or tort as if he had done it himself. See BROKER, FACTOR, MERCANTILE AGENT, VICARIOUS RESPONSIBILITY, and consult … same liability in contract or tort as if he had done it himself. See BROKER, FACTOR, MERCANTILE AGENT, VICARIOUS RESPONSIBILITY, and consult Bowstead on Agency or Evans on Principal and Agent. Where the principal is disclosed, only

Judgment

has been a determination of any right or liability, Shanti Kumar R. Canji v. Home Insurance Co. of New York, AIR 1974 SC 1719 (1722): (1974) 2 SCC 387: (1975) 1 SCR 550. [Letters Patent (Bom), Cl. … the appeal on any ground, therefore, the order in question is not a judgment, Chalavada Venkata Subbarao and Co v. Grandhi Sree Amulu, AIR 1965 AP 16. In order to constitute a 'judgment' within the ambit of clause

Any person

to the context in which they have been used i.e. third party, New India Assurance Co. Ltd.'v. Asha Rani, (2003) 2 SCC 223. Any person, … person, the effect of the 1994 amendment on s. 147 is unambiguous. Where earlier, the words 'any person' could be held not to include the owner of the goods or his authorised representative travelling in the goods … be held not to include the owner of the goods or his authorised representative travelling in the goods vehicle, Parliament has now made it clear that such a construction is no longer possible. The scope of this

Passenger

a public or private conveyance other than the driver, pilot crew, etc., New India Assurance Co. Ltd. v. Annakutty, AIR 1993 Ker 299: (1993) ILR … Act, 1971, s.2(b) trespasser or person traveling without ticket or pass or authority in not a passenger, Sundari v. Union of India, AIR 1984 All 277 (278). Means a person travelling with a valid pass or ticket. … or class of traveling train or carriage on payment of his fare, whether at full rates or at concessional rates. Railway Passengers Fare Act, 1971, s.2(b) trespasser or person traveling without ticket or pass or authority in

prior restraint

(esp. by publication) before the expression actually takes place see also Near v. Minnesota and New York Times Co. v. United States in the Important Cases section compare censorship, freedom of speech NOTE: In New York Times Co.

Publish

and issue to the public. (3) To communicate to a third person, Webster's Comprehensive Dictionary, International Edn.; C.C.E. v. New Tobacco Co., (1998) 8 SCC 250. Publish, means to make generally accessible or available; to place before or

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