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Competent authority

Competent authority, means (i) the speaker in the case of the House of the people or the legislative Assembly of a State or a Union Territory having such Assembly and the Chairman in case of the council of Staff or legislative Council of a State (ii) Chief Justice of India in case of Supreme Court, (iii) Chief Justice of the High Court in the case of the High Court (iv) the President or the Governor, as the case may be, in the case of other authorities established or constituted by or under the Constitution, (v) the administrator appointed under Article 239 of the Constitution. [Right to Information Act, 2005 (22 of 2005) s. 2(e)]Means any authority authorised by the Central Government by notification in the Official Gazette to perform all or any of the functions of the competent authority under this Act. [Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 (61 of 1986), s. 2 (d)]Means, in relation to the United Kingdom, the CAA, and in relation to any other country the authority respo...


Case stated

Case stated, a narrative (agreed upon by both parties to an action, or drawn up by an impartial person agreed upon by them or settled by the Court or a judge) setting forth the facts and points in dispute, with a view to a prompt decision. By R.S.C. 1883, Ord. XXXIV., the parties after writ may concur in stating questions of law in the form of a special case, or if it appear to the court or a judge from the pleadings or otherwise that there is a question of law which it would be convenient to have decided in that manner, they or he may order a special case to be stated. See Special Case.As to cases stated by justices of the peace on points of law only for the High Court, see (English) Summary Jurisdiction Act, 1857 (20 & 21 Vict. c. 43), (English) Review of Justices Decisions Act, 1872 (35 & 36 Vict. c. 26), and (English) Summary Jurisdiction Act, 1879 (42 & 43 Vict. c. 49), s. 33; see also Arbitration; Chitty's Statutes, tit. Justices'; and see R. v. Woodcock, (1907) 2 KB 104....


case stated

case stated : a statement agreed upon by the parties to a lawsuit that sets forth the facts of the case and the parties' request for a judgment by the court based on those facts ...


Special case

Special case. By (English) R.S.C. 1883, Ord. XXXIV., the parties may, after writ issued, concur in stating the questions of law arising in the action in the form of a special case for the opinion of the Court, and 'if it appear to the Court or a judge that there is in any action a question of law which it would be convenient to have decided before any evidence is given or any question or issue of fact is tried, or before any reference is made to a referee or an arbitrator, the Court or judge may make an ordr accordingly, and may direct such question of law to be raised for the opinion of the Court, either by special case, or in such other manner as the Court or judge may deem expedient.' Similar power is given to referees to state a case by Ord. XXXVI., r. 52, and see the (English) Administration of Justice Act, 1932 (22 & 23 Geo. 5, c. 55). As to special case before the Judicature Acts, see (English) C.L.P. Act, 1852, ss. 42-48, and 13 & 14 Vict. c. 35 [(English) Turner's Act]. Where ...


Alien

Alien [fr. alienigena, alibi natus, Lat.], a person not born within His Majesty's dominions and allegiance (q.v.). See definitions in the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Acts, 1914 and 1933, infra. At common law aliens were subject to very many disqualifications, the nature of which is shown by the (English) Act of 1844, 7 & 8 Vict. c. 66, which greatly relaxed the law in their favour. It provided, inter alia, that every person born of a British mother should be capable of holding real or personal estate; that alien friends might hold every species of personal property except chattels real; that subjects of a friendly power might hold lands, etc., for the purposes of residence or business for a term not exceeding twenty-one years; and it also provided for aliens becoming naturalized.Alien, (UK) is a person who is neither a Common-wealth citizen nor a British protected person nor a citizen of the Republic of Ireland. Aliens therefore include both persons having the nationality ...


Carucate

Carucate [fr. Carucata terr'], Carvage,or Carve of land, a plough-land of 100 acres, or according to Skene, as much land as may be tilled in a year and a day by one plough, Ken. Glos. 'And one plow land, carucata terr', or a hide of land, hida terr' (which is all one), is not of any certain content, but as much as a plow can by course of husbandry plough in a year.'-Co. Litt. 69 a. This quantity varies in different counties from 60 to 120 acres.Case, includes a suit or any proceeding before a court. [Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 (39 of 1987), s. 2(1)(a)]Means--(1) A trial. (2) A trial involving some point of law so important as to be published in Law Reports (see that title) for future use as a precedent. (3) A statement of facts and documents, raising a point of law, submitted for the opinion of counsel. See PRECEDENTS. (4) includes a suit or any proceeding before a court. [Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 (39 of 1987), s. 2 (1) (a)]. (5) The expression 'case' is not limit...


case

case [Latin casus accident, event, set of circumstances, literally, act of falling] 1 a : a civil or criminal suit or action [the judicial power shall extend to all s, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution "U.S. Constitution art. III"] see also controversy case at bar : a case being considered by the court [the facts of the case at bar] case of first im·pres·sion : a case that presents an issue or question never before decided or considered by the court com·pan·ion case : a case that is heard with another case because it involves similar or related questions of law test case 1 : a representative case whose outcome will serve as precedent for future cases and esp. for pending cases involving similar or related issues or circumstances and often some of the same parties NOTE: A test case is selected from a number of cases in order to avoid a flood of litigation. All of the parties to the cases must agree to accept the outcome of the test case as bi...


Leader of the opposition

Leader of the opposition, relation to either House of Parliament, means that member of the Council of States or the House of the People, as the case may be, who is, for the time being, the Leader in that House of the party in opposition to the Government having the greatest numerical strength and recognised as such by the Chairman of the Council of States or the Speaker of the House of the People, as the case may be.Explanation.--Where there are two or more parties in opposition to the Government, in the Council of States or in the House of the People having the same numerical strength, the Chairman of the Council of States or the Speaker of the House of the People, as the case may be, shall, having regard to the status of the parties, recognise any one of the Leaders of such parties as the Leader of the Opposition for the purposes of this s. and such recognition shall be final and conclusive. Salary and Allowances of Leaders of Opposition in Parliament Act, 1977 (33 of 1977), s. 2....


bind over

bind over 1 : to put under a bond to do something (as appear in court) under court authority 2 : to transfer (a case or defendant) to another forum after a finding of probable cause at a preliminary hearing NOTE: In states that require indictment by a grand jury in felony cases, a case will be bound over to the grand jury if the judge or magistrate finds at the preliminary hearing that there is probable cause to believe that the defendant committed the crime. In states that use an information, the case is bound over to the trial court upon a finding of probable cause. vi : to bind a case over [questioned the magistrate's decision to bind over] bind·over n ...


Failure of justice

Failure of justice, Quite often the submission in a criminal Court is accentuated with the said expression. Perhaps it is too pliable or facile an expression which could be fitted in any situation of a case. The expression 'failure of justice' would appear, sometimes, as an etymological chameleon. The criminal Court, particularly the superior Court should make a close examination to ascertain whether there was really a failure of justice or whether it is only a camouflage, Shamnsaheb M Multtani v. State of Karnataka, (2001) 2 SCC 577: AIR 2001 SC 921 (925).See also State v. T. Venkatesh Murthy, (2004) 7 SCC 763.Would appear, sometimes, as an etymological chameleon, Town Investment Ltd. v. Deptt. of Environment, (1977) 1 All ER 813: 1978 AC 359: (1977) 2 WLR 450.Is too pliable or facile an expression, which could be fitted in any situation of a case, State v. T. Venkatesh Murthy, (2004) 7 SCC 763....


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