2007 8scc 381 - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: 2007 8scc 381Plant
Plant, has been defined as the tools, machinery, fixtures, buildings, grounds, etc. of a factory or business; the apparatus or equipment for a certain mechanical operation or process, Steel City Beverages Ltd. v. State of Bihar, (1996) 1 Pat LJR 868.Plant, has frequently been used in fiscal and other legislation. It is one of a fairly large category of words as to which no statutory definition is provided ('trade', office even 'income' are others), so that it is left to the court to interpret them. It naturally happens that as case follows case, and one extension leads to another, the meaning of the word gradually diverges from its natural or dictionary meaning. This is certainly true for plant, I.R.C. v. Scottish & Newcastle Breweries Ltd., (1982) 1 WLR 322: (1982) 2 All ER 230: 55 TC 252 (HL).Plant, in the relevant sense, although admitted not a term of art, and therefore part of the general English tongue, is not, in this sense, an ordinary word, but one of imprecise application, an...
Undue advantage
Undue advantage, means 'unfair advantage', Mayadhar Paramanik v. State, (1971) Cut LT 582; Prakash Chand v. State of H.P., (2004) 11 SCC 381. (Penal Code, 1860, s. 300 Excep. 4)The expression 'undue advantage' as used in the provision means 'unfair advantage', Ghapoo Yadav v. State of Madhya Pradesh, AIR 2003 SC 1620 (1622): (2003) 3 SCC 528. [Penal Code (45 of 1860), s. 300, Expl. 4]The expression undue advantage means 'unfair advantage', Naveen Chandra v. State of Uttranchal, AIR 2007 SC 363....
A shared household
A shared household, in s. 2(5) of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 is not very happily worded, and appears to be the result of clumsy drafting, but the court has to give it an interpretation which is sensible and which does not lead to chaos in society, S.R. Batra v. Taruna Batra, 136 (2007) DLT 1 (SC): 1 (2007) DMC 1 (SC): 2007 (1) UJ 2 (SC). [Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, s. 2(s)]...
Entrust
Entrust, means 'To give (a person) the responsibility for something, usually after establishing a confidential relationship', (Black's Law Dictionary) see also National Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Ishar Das Madan Lal, (2007) 4 SCC 105.Entrust, means 'To confer as a responsibility, duty, etc. to place something in another case' (Webster's Universal Dictionary), see also National Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Ishar Das Madan Lal, (2007) 4 SCC 105.Entrust, would imply giving responsibility to a person upon whom the owner has confidence. It envisages establishment of a relationship, National Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Ishar Das Madan Lal, (2007) 4 SCC 105....
Ordinarily
Ordinarily, may means 'normally', State of Andhra Pradesh v. V. Sharma Rao, AIR 2007 SC 137; Kailash Chandra v. Union of India, (1962) 1 SCR 374: AIR 1961 SC 1346; Krishan Gopal v. Shri Prakash Chandra, (1974) 1 SCC 128.Means 'normally', 'usually', 'in the ordinary course' etc., Y.K. Bammi v. Jawahar Lal Nehru University, AIR 1993 Del 239.Means in the large majority of cases but not invariably, Kailash Chandra v. Union of India, AIR 1961 SC 1346 (1349): (1962) 1 SCR 374. [Indian Railway Establishment Code, Rule 2046 (2)(a)]The word 'ordinarily' necessarily implies the exclusion of 'extraordinary' or 'special' circum-stances, Eicher Tractors Ltd. v. Commissioner of Customs, (2001) 1 SCC 315: AIR 2001 SC 196 (198). [Customs Act, 1962, s. 14(1)]Means in the large majority of cases but not invariably, Kailash Chandra v. Union of India, (1962) 1 SCR 374: AIR 1961 SC 1346.The word 'ordinarily' may mean 'normally'. But, the said expression must be understood in the content in which it has bee...
Shared household
Shared household, means a household where the person aggrieved lives or at any stage has lived in a domestic relationship either singly or along with the respondent and includes such a household whether owned or tenanted either jointly by the aggrieved person and the respondent, or owned or tenanted by either of them in respect of which either the aggrieved person or the respondent or both jointly or singly have any right, title, interest or equity and includes such a household which may belong to the joint family of which the respondent is a member, irrespective of whether the respondent or the aggrieved person has any right, title or interest in the shared household. [Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, s. 2(s)]Shared household, no doubt the definition of 'shared household' in s. 2(s) of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence, Act, 2005, is not very happily worded, and appears to be the result of clumsy drafting, but the Supreme Court gave it an interpretati...
Any person
Any person, the effect of the 1994 amendment on s. 147 is unambiguous. Where earlier, the words 'any person' could be held not to include the owner of the goods or his authorised representative travelling in the goods vehicle, Parliament has now made it clear that such a construction is no longer possible. The scope of this rationale does not, however, extend to cover the class of cases where gratuitous passengers for whom no insurance policy was envisaged, and for whom no insurance premium was paid, employed the goods vehicle as a medium of conveyance, National Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Baljit Kaur, (2004) 2 SCC 1 (5): AIR 2004 SC 1340. [Motor Vehicles Act, s. 147(1)(b) (as amended in 1994)]The expression 'any person' can be restricted to those on the managerial or administrative staff only. One cannot arbitrarily cut down the amplitude of an expression used by the legislature, Central Bank of India v. Workmen, AIR 1960 SC 12 (23): (1960) 1 SCR 200. (Banking Regulation Act, 1949, s. 10)Th...
Declared
Declared, the expression 'declared' is wider than the words 'found or made'. To declare is to announce opinion. Indeed, the latter involves the process, while the former expresses result. Inter-pretation, ascertainment and evolution are parts of the process, while that interpreted, ascertained or evolved is declared as law, Golak Nath v. State of Punjab, AIR 1967 SC 1643 (1669): (1967) 2 SCR 762. (Constitution of India, Art. 141)is wider than the words 'found or made'. Declared defaulter should be an actual defaulter and not an alleged defaulter, B.S.N. Joshi and Sons Ltd. v. Nair Coal Services Ltd., AIR 2007 SC 437.the expression 'declared' is wider than the words 'found' or 'made', B.S.N. Joshi and Sons Ltd. v. Nair Coal Services Ltd., AIR 2007 SC 437....
Entrustment
Entrustment, means 'the transfer of possession of goods to a merchant who deals in goods of that type and who may in turn transfer the goods and all rights to them to a purchaser in the ordinary course of business' (Black's Law Dictionary), see also National Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Ishar Das Madan Lal, (2007) 4 SCC 105.The expression 'entrustment' carries with it the implication that the person handing over any property or on whose behalf that property is handed over to another, continues to be its owner. Entrustment is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general significance, all its imports is handing over the possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferment of any propriety right therein. The ownership or beneficial interest in the property in respect of which criminal breach of trust is alleged to have been committed, must be in some person other than the accused and the latter must hold it on account of s...
Estate
Estate [fr. status, Lat.; etat, Fr.], the condition and circumstance in which an owner stands with regard to his property. The word is used in several senses and may denote either an estate in land; or an estate in property other than land; a legal estate or an equitable estate, land being an immovable is capable of being the subject of many estates existing concurrently with each other, thus the absolute ownership or fee simple may be leased and sub-leased, mortgaged and charged, each of the holders of these estates having a good legal or equitable estate at the same time; again, estates may be in possession, or in futuro; personal property may also be subject concurrently to a variety of ownerships, according to its nature; technically, in regard to land, the word is used to denote the quantity of interest, e.g., estate in fee simple, for life, for years, etc., in either legal or equitable estates. In practice its most important division is into real estate and personal estate, altho...
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