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Video cinema

Video cinema, exhibition of moving pictures given by means of VCR/VCP and a video projector falls within the definition of video cinema, Shankar Video v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 1993 SC 2111 (2118). [Bombay Cinemas (Regulation) Act, 1953, s. 9]...


Video conferencing

Video conferencing, is an advancement in science and technology which permits one to see, hear and talk with someone far away, with the same facility and ease as if he is present before you i.e., in your presence. In fact he/she is present before you on a screen. Except for touching one can see, hear and observe as if the party is in the same room. In video conferencing both parties are in presence of each other so long as the accused and/or his pleader are present when evidence is recorded by video conferencing that evidence is being recorded in the 'presence' of the accused and would thus fully meet the requirements of s. 273, Criminal Procedure Code. Recording of such evidence would be as per 'procedure establishment by law', State of Maharashtra v. Praful B. Desai, (2003) 4 SCC 601: AIR 2003 SC 2053 (2061). [Criminal Procedure Code, s. 273]...


Video

Video, is the transmission and reception of a tele-vised image. It is a television image or the electric signals corresponding to it. It pertains to the picture portion of the televised programe. 'Pro-jector' is a device for projecting a light beam, an apparatus for throwing illuminated images or motion pictures on the screen, Collector of Central Excise v. Fuse Base Eltoto Ltd., AIR 1994 SC 1289 (1921): (1993) 4 JT 280: (1993) 48 ECR 2: (1993) 67 ELT 30. [Central Excise and Sales Act, 1944]...


Programme

Programme, means any television broadcast and includes--(i) exhibition of films, features, dramas, advertise-ments and serials through video cassette recorders or video cassette players;(ii) any audio or visual or audio-visual live per-formance or presentation. [Cable Television Net-works (Regulation) Act, 1995 (7 of 1995), s. 2(g)]...


Telecommunication service

Telecommunication service, means service of any description (including electronic mail, voice mail, data services, audio tax services, video tax services, radio paging and cellular mobile telephone services) which is made available to users by means of any transmission or reception of signs, signals, writing, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature, by wire, radio, visual or other electromagnetic means but shall not include broadcasting service:Provided that the Central Government may notify other service to be telecommunication service in-cluding broadcasting services. [Telecom Regula-tory Authority of India Act, 1997 (24 of 1997), s. 2(k)]Means service of any description (including electronic mail, voice mail, data service, audio tax services, video tax services, radio paying and cellular mobile telephone services) which is made available to users by means of any transmission or reception of signs, signals, writing images, and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire, rad...


canned

Recorded in contrast with live used of sound or video broadcasts...


magnetic tape

A long thin plastic ribbon coated with iron oxide or other ferromagnetic material used to record audio or video signals digital data in the form of small magnetized regions on the tape it is a common digital data storage medium for computer information...


Cinematograph

Cinematograph, more properly cinematograph. A contrivance for projecting in rapid succession on a screen a series of instantaneous photographs so as to give the effect of motion (The Concise Oxford Dict.). The (English) Cinematograph Act, 1909, provides that an exhibition of pictures or other optical effects by means of a cinematograph or other similar appartus for the purpose of which inflammable films are used shall not be given unless the regulations made by the Home Secretary are complied with, or elsewhere that in premises licensed under the Act (s. 1). The Act does not apply, however, to exhibitions in private houses to which the public are not admitted [s. 7 (4)]. The exhibition of films by dealers or their agents to intending purchasers or hirers does not amount to an exhibition within the meaning of the Act, Attorney-General v. Vitagraph Co., 1915 (1) Ch 206. Sunday exhibitions, see (English) Sunday Entertainments Act, 1932 (22 & 23 Geo. 5, c. 51), s. 1 The Celluloid and (Engl...


Cinematograph film

Cinematograph film, a 'cinematograph film' is to be taken to include the sounds embodied in a sound track which is associated with the film. S. 13 of the Copyright Act,1957 recognises 'cinemato-graph film' as a distinct and separate class of 'work' and declares that copyright shall subsist therein throughout India, Indian performing Right Society Ltd. v. Eastern India Motion Picture Association (1977) 2 SCC 820: (1977) 3 SCR 206: AIR 1977 SC 1443 (1450).Includes any apparatus for the representation of moving pictures or series of pictures. (Cinematograph Act, 1952, s. 2)Means any work of visual recording on any medium produced through a process from which a moving image maybe produced by any means and includes a sound recording accompanying such visual recording and 'cinematograph' shall be construed as including any work produced by any process analogous to cinematography including video films. [Copyright Act, 1957 (14 of 1957), s. 2 (f)]...


Discrimination

Discrimination, when used in Art. 304(a), involves an element of intentional and purposeful differentiation thereby creating economic barrier and involves an element of an unfavourable bias. It implies an unfair classification, Video Electronics P. Ltd. v. State of Punjab, AIR 1990 SC 820 (832): (1990) 3 SCC 87. [Constitution of India, Art. 304(a)]The Constitution of India prohibits the State from discriminating against any citizen in respect of any employment under it on the grounds of religion, race, caste sex, etc., Constitution of India, Art. 16(2).In India, Constitution prohibits the State from discriminating against any citizen on grounds of religion, race, sex, place of birth or any of them by putting restriction on their access and use certain public places, Constitution of India, Art. 15(1) and (2).The State is empowered to make special provisions for women, children socially and educationally backward classes, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes citizens in this regard, Con...


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