Test Action - Law Dictionary Search Results
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test action : test case at case ...
McDonnell Douglas test
McDonnell Douglas test, employment law. The principal for applying a shifting burden of proof in employment-discrimination cases, essentially requiring the plaintiff to come forward with evidence of discrimination and the defendant to come forward with evidence showing that the employment action complained of was taken for non-discriminatory reasons. Under this test, the plaintiff is first required to establish a prima facie case of discrimination, as by showing that the plaintiff is a member of a protected group and suffered an averse employment action. If the plaintiff satisfies that burden, then the defendant must articulate a legitimate, non-discriminatory reason for the employment action complained of. If the defendant satisfies that burden, then the plaintiff must prove that the defendant's stated reason is just a pretext for discrimination and that discrimination was the real reason for the employment action, Mc Donnell Douglas Corp v. Green, 411 US 792, 93 S.Ct. 1817 (1973); Bl...
class action
class action : an action in which a representative plaintiff sues or a representative defendant is sued on behalf of a class of plaintiffs or defendants who have the same interests in the litigation as their representative and whose rights or liabilities can be more efficiently determined as a group than in a series of individual suits called also class action suit class suit see also certification compare consolidate, joinder test case at case NOTE: Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure sets out the prerequisites for having an action certified as a class action in federal court. Section (a) permits a class action if “(1) the class is so numerous that joinder of all members is impracticable, (2) there are questions of law or fact common to the class, (3) the claims or defenses of the representative parties are typical of the claims or defenses of the class, and (4) the representative parties will fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class.” If th...
substantial capacity test
substantial capacity test : a test used in many jurisdictions when considering an insanity defense which relieves a defendant of criminal responsibility if at the time of the crime as a result of mental disease or defect the defendant lacked the capacity to appreciate the wrongfulness of his or her conduct or to conform the conduct to the requirements of the law called also ALI test Model Penal Code test compare diminished capacity, irresistible impulse test, m'naghten test NOTE: This test was first formulated in the Model Penal Code and has been adopted by many jurisdictions. ...
Frye test
Frye test [from United States v. Frye, 293 F. 1013 (1923), the case that established the rule] : a common-law rule of evidence: the results of scientific tests or procedures are admissible as evidence only when the tests or procedures have gained general acceptance in the particular field to which they belong called also Frye rule NOTE: In Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, 509 U.S. 579 (1993), the Supreme Court held that the Federal Rules of Evidence supersede the Frye test, and as a result scientific evidence (as expert testimony) needs to meet only the requirements of the Federal Rules of Evidence in order to be admissible. ...
irresistible impulse test
irresistible impulse test : a test used in some jurisdictions when considering an insanity defense that involves a determination of whether an impulse to commit a criminal act was irresistible due to mental disease or defect regardless of whether the defendant knew right from wrong compare diminished capacity, durham rule, m'naghten test, substantial capacity test ...
rational basis test
rational basis test : a test less intensive than strict scrutiny or an intermediate review that involves a determination of whether a statutory or regulatory classification of persons (as by age or offender status) has a rational basis and does not deny equal protection under the Constitution [if the classification neither affects a fundamental right, nor creates a suspect classification, nor is based on gender, then the rational basis test is applied "Charlton v. Kimata, 815 P.2d 946 (1991)"] called also rational relationship test ...
Tested
Tested, to bear the teste. A writ is issued in the name of the sovereign, and the Lord Chancellor is supposed to witness it. All writs are, by R.S.C. 1883, Ord. II., r. 8, tested in the name of the Lord Chancellor. They were before the Judicature Acts tested in the name of the Lord Chancellor if issuing from the Court of Chancery, or of the Lord Chief Justice if issuing from the Queen's Bench, etc....
balancing test
balancing test : a test in which opposing rights, interests, or policies are assigned a degree or level of importance and the ruling of the court is determined by which is considered greater NOTE: Balancing tests are often used for determining the constitutionality of laws and regulations touching on constitutional rights. ...
field test
to test something in the field i e under the actual conditions under which it will be used as The Army field tested the new tanks Used in contrast with testing in a laboratory or under controlled conditions...
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