Special Circumstances - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: special circumstancesSpecial circumstances
Special circumstances, the expression 'special cir-cumstances' is not defined in the Civil Procedure Code nor is it capable of any precise definition by the court because problems of human beings are so varied and complex. In its ordinary dictionary meaning it connotes something exceptional in character, extraordinary, significant, uncommon. It is an antonym of common, ordinary and general. It is neither practicable nor advisable to enumerate such circumstances. Non-service of summons will undoubtedly be a special circumstance, Rajni Kumar v. Suresh Kumar Malhotra, (2003) 5 SCC 315. (Civil PC, 1908, O. 37, R. 4)In its ordinary dictionary meaning it connotes some-thing exceptional in character, extraordinary, signi-ficant, uncommon. It is an antonym of common, ordinary and general. It is neither practicable nor advisable to enumerate such circumstances. Non-service of summons will undoubtedly be a special circumstance, Rajni Kumar v. Suresh Kumar Malhotra, AIR 2003 SC 1322: (2003) 5 SCC...
Adoption
Adoption, an act by which a person adopts as his own the child of another. Until recently there was no law of adoption in this country though it exists in other countries, as France and Germany, where the civil law (as to which, see Sand. Just.) prevails to any great extent. In 1889 and 1890, Lord Meath introduced Bills in the House of Lords to legalize adoption.By the (English) Adoption of Children Act, 1926 (16 & 17 Geo. 5, c. 29), after the 31st December, 1925, the Court (usually in the Chancery Division) may authorize the adoption of an infant who is under twenty-one years of age, a British subject, and resident in England and Wales, by an applicant who is more than twenty-five years of age, and also twenty-one years older than the infant, unless closely related, and a British subject, resident and domiciled in England or Wales, but a single adopter, only, will be authorized unless two spouses jointly apply. A male may not adopt a female infant unless the court finds special reason...
Usual clauses
Usual clauses, means it is sometimes agreed between the parties, that 'usual clauses' shall be incorporated in a settlement. This expression does not mean the clauses which would be usual under the special circumstances of the case. It means the clauses which are usual in normal circumstance... i.e., to say in a case, where there is, as is usual, a provision for an annuity and where in other respects there is nothing special, Brailey v. Brailey, 1922 P 15: 91 LJP 65; Burrow's Word and Phrases....
Special damage
Special damage, such a loss as the law will not presume to be the consequence of the defendant's act, but which depends in part at least on the special circumstances of the case. It must therefore be explicitly claimed on the pleadings, and at the trial it must be proved by evidence both that the loss was incurred and that it was the direct result of the defendant's conduct. a mere expectation or apprehension of loss is not sufficient (Odgers on Pleading)....
knock and announce rule
knock and announce rule : a rule of criminal procedure requiring that police announce their authority and purpose before entering a premises in execution of a search or arrest warrant unless special circumstances (as risk of harm to the police) warrant unannounced or forcible entry compare exigent circumstances no-knock search warrant at warrant ...
Commutation ticket
A ticket for transportation at a reduced rate in consideration of some special circumstance as increase of travel specif a ticket for a certain number of or for daily trips between neighboring places at a reduced rate such as are commonly used by those doing business in a city and living in a suburb Commutation tickets are excepted from the prohibition against special rates contained in the Interstate Commerce Act of Feb 4 1887 24 Stat 379 and in 145 U S 263 it was held that party tickets were also excepted as being ldquoobviously within the commuting principlerdquo...
Audit
Audit, an examining of accounts. An audit may be either detailed or administrative, and is usually both. A detailed audit is a comparison of vouchers with entries of payment, in order that the party whose accounts are audited may not debit his employer with payments not in fact made. An administrative audit is a comparison of payments with authorities to pay, in order that the party whose accounts are audited may not debit his employer with payments not authorised. If in either branch of audit an improper entry is discovered, the auditor surcharges the party whose accounts are audited; whereby the payment must be made by such party out of his own pocket. Where no fraud is suspected, however, and when there has been no negligence, it is common for the surcharge to be remitted [see, e.g., (English) Local Government Act, 18 (23 & 24 Geo. 5, c. 51), s. 230], especially where the party whose accounts are audited has given his service gratuitously.The public accounts are audited under the (E...
Decree nisi
Decree nisi. By the (English) Judicature Act,1925, s. 183(1) every decree for a divorce or for nullity of marriage shall, in the first instance, be a decree nisi not to be made absolute until after the expiration of six months from the pronouncing thereof, unless the Court by general or special order from time to time fixes a shorter time.(2) After the pronouncing of the decree nisi and before the decree is made absolute, any person may, in the prescribed manner, show cause why the decree should not be made absolute by reason of the decree having been obtained by collusion or by reason of material not having been brought before the Court, and in any such case the Court may make the decree absolute, reverse the decree nisi, require further inquiry or otherwise deal with the case as the Court thinks fit. Only in special circumstances will the period be shortened. See Osburne v. Osburne, (1926) 70 Sol Jo 388. See Browne on Divorce; Chitty's Statutes, tit. 'Matrimonial Causes.'...
Taxation of costs
Taxation of costs. The mode by which certain officers of the various courts allow or disallow the sums claimed by solicitors from their clients, or by the one party in an action from the other. In the High Court taxation is carried out by Taxing Masters who are Masters of the Supreme Court (R.S.C. Ord. LXI., r. 1B), and in county courts by the registrars.As between party and party a taxation of costs is always had, and the costs disallowed cannot be recovered by the successful from the unsuccessful party, but must be paid by such successful party to his solicitor unless they be disallowed as between solicitor and client.Costs as between solicitor and client can be re-covered by a public authority from an unsuccessful defendant by virtue of s. 1 of the Public Authorities Protection Act, 1893; and also in an action for the infringement of a patent by the plaintiff, if in a prior action he has obtained a certificate of the validity of his patent, under s. 35 (as amended) of the Patents an...
Such prisoner shall be confined in a cell apart prisoners
Such prisoner shall be confined in a cell apart prisoners, the expression 'such prisoner shall be confined in a cell apart prisoners' has a restricted meaning. It must be given a rational meaning to effectuate the purpose behind the provision so as not to attract the vice of solitary confinement. S. 366(2) of the Cr.P.C. enables the Court to commit the convicted person who is awarded capital punishment to jail custody under a warrant. It is implicit in the warrant that the prisoner is neither awarded simple nor rigorous imprisonment. The purpose of the sub-s. (2) s. 366 is to make available the prisoner when the sentence is required to be executed. He is being kept in jail custody. After the sentence becomes executable he may be kept in a cell apart from other prisoners with a day and night watch. But even here, unless special circumstances exist, he must be within the sight and sound of other prisoners and be able to take food in their company, Sunil Batra v. Delhi Administration, AIR...
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