Shilling - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: shillingShilling
Shilling [fr. solidus, Lat.; scilling, Sax.] among the English Saxons passed for 5d.; afterwards it represented 16d. and often 20d. In the reign of the Conqueror it was of the same denominative value as at this day, Domesday...
Ringing the changes
Ringing the changes, a trick practised by a criminal, by which, on receiving a good piece of money in payment of an article, he pretends it is not good, and, changing it, returns to the buyer a counterfeit one, as in Frank;s case, 2 Leach, 64:--A man having bargained with the prisoner, who was selling fruit about the street, to have five apricots for sixpence, gave him a good shilling to change. The prisoner put the shilling into his mouth, as if to test it by biting, and returning a shilling, said it was a bad one. The buyer gave him a second, which he treated like the first, and returned with the same words, and so with a third shilling. The shillings he returned being bad, this was an uttering of false money, 1 Russ. On Cr., 5th Edn. 231.fraud consisting in offender's using a large banknote to pay for a small purchase; waiting for shopkeeper to put change on counter and then, by a series of maneuvers involving change of mind, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 1327....
Commissioners for Oaths
Commissioners for Oaths. Masters extraordinary in Chancery acted in very early times as commissioners to administer oaths to persons making affidavits (see that title) before them concerning Chancery suits, and the judges of the Common Law courts were authorized, under 29 Car. 2, c. 5, by commission to empower 'what and as many persons as they should think fit and necessary' to take affidavits for one shilling fee concerning Common Law actions. The Masters in Chancery were succeeded by solicitors under 16 & 17 Vict. c. 78, appointed by the Lord Chancellor, the fee being one shilling and sixpence.The (English) Commissioners for Oaths Act, 1889 (52 & 53 Vict. c. 10), which amends and consolidates twenty-four enactments on the subject, enacts by s. 1 that the Lord Chancellor may, from time to time, by commission signed by him, appoint practising solicitors or other fit and proper persons to be commissioners for oaths; with power, in England or elsewhere, to administer any oath or take any...
Pawnbroker
Pawnbroker, contemplates that every person who keeps a shop for the purchase or sale of goods or chattels and who purchases goods or chattels and pays or advances thereon any sum of money, with or under an agreement or understanding expressed or implied that the goods or chattel may be afterwards repurchased on any terms, is a 'pawnbroker', Karnataka Pawnbrokers' Assn. v. State of Karnataka, (1998) 7 SCC 707.One who lends money on goods which he receives upon pledge.The rate of interest which pawnbrokers may take has been fixed by law since 1800, by 39 & 40 Geo. 3, c. 48, which Act placed their whole business under various other restrictions. By the (English) Pawn-brokers Act, 1872 (which applies to Scotland, but not to Ireland), this Act, together with its amending Acts, is repealed, and the statute law of the subject consolidated. Sch. IV., dealing with profits and charges, has been amended by the (English) Pawnbrokers Act, 1922, in respect of loans not exceeding 40s.By s. 5 of the A...
Danegeld
An annual tax formerly laid on the English nation to buy off the ravages of Danish invaders or to maintain forces to oppose them It afterward became a permanent tax raised by an assessment at first of one shilling afterward of two shillings upon every hide of land throughout the realm...
Jury
Jury [fr. jurata, Lat.; jure, Fr.], a number of persons sworn to deliver a verdict upon evidence delivered to them touching the issue.Trial by jury may be traced to the earliest Anglo-Saxon times. One of the judicial customs of the Saxons was that a man might be cleared of an accusation of certain crimes, if an appointed number of persons (juratores, or more properly compurgatores) came forward and swore to a veredictum, that they believed him innocent. It is remarkable that for accusations of any consequence among the Saxons on the continent, twelve juratores was the number required for an acquittal. Similar customs may be observed in the laws of Athens and Rome, where dikaotai and judices answer to jurors, an of the continental Angli and Frisiones, though the number of jurors varied.See, as to the introduction and growth of trial by jury in England, Forsyth's History of Trial by Jury; and for comments on and proposed amendments of the law, see Erle's Jury Laws and their Amendment, pu...
Land-tax
Land-tax, means a tax laid upon land and houses, which in 1689 (1 Will. & Mary, c. 3) superseded all the former methods of taxing either property or persons in respect of their property, whether by tenth or fifteenths, subsidies on land, hydages, scutages, or talliages. Although generally a charge upon a landlord, yet it is a tax neither on landlord nor tenant, but on the beneficial proprietor, as distinguished from the mere tenant at rack-rent; and if a tenant have to any extent a beneficial interest, he becomes liable to the tax pro tanto, and can only charge the residue on his landlord. Houses and buildings appropriated to public purposes are not liable to land-tax. As to its origin and inequality, see 3 Hall. Cons. Hist. 135; Miller on the Land-tax; Bourdin on Land-tax.The more agricultural counties, upon which the burden of the tax has fallen most heavily by reason of the depreciation in value of agricultural land, were greatly relieved by s. 31 of the (English) Finance Act, 1896,...
Punishment
Punishment, is the penalty for transgressing the law, Jowitts Dictionary of English Law, Vol. 2 (2nd Edn. by John Burke).Punishment, the penalty for transgressing the law: in England usually left within very wide limits to the discretion of the Court. Too great severity has frequently led to refusals of juries to convict, especially where the punishment is death, as it was down to 1810, for the offence of stealing goods to the value of forty shillings from a dwelling-house, and down to 1832 for forgery. In the former case the jury would falsely find the value of the goods stolen to be thirty-nine shillings; in the latter, a petition of bankes bastened the mitigation of a punishment which failed to protect them.The ordinary dictionary meaning of the word 'punish' is 'to cause the offender to suffer for the offense' or 'to inflict penalty on the offender' or 'to inflict penalty for the offence'. Any action of the employer to the detriment of the workmen's interest would not be punishment...
Butlerage
A duty of two shillings on every tun of wine imported into England by merchant strangers so called because paid to the kings butler for the king...
Cahoot
Partnership league as to go in cahoot or in cahoots with a person Usually used in the plural and in modern usage often used to imply that the joint effort is unethical shady questionable or illegal as a shill in cahoots with a pickpocket to serve as a distraction...
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