S 99 - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: s 99County Courts
County Courts. The old County Court was a tribunal inident to the jurisdiction of a sheriff, but was not a Court of Record. Proceedings were removable into a superior court by recordari facias loquelam, or writ of false judgment. Outlawries ofabsconding offenders were here proclaimed.Far more important inferior tribunals have now been established throughout England. They were first established in 1846 by 9 & 10 Vict. c. 95, 'the Act for the more easy recovery of Small Debts and Demands in England,' repealed and re-enacted with fourteen amending Acts by the consolidating and amending (English) County Courts Act, 1888 (51 & 52 Vict. c. 43), an Act very materially but very shortly amended by the (English) County Courts Act, 1903 (3 Dew. 7, c. 42), which came into operation on the 1st January, 1905, and raised the common law jurisdiction from 50l. (to which amount it had been raised by an Act of 1850 from the original 20l. under the Act of 1846) to 100l. The number of jurors was also raise...
Building lease
Building lease, a lease of land for a long term of years, usually 99, at a rent called a ground rent, the lessee covenanting to erect certain buildings thereon according to specification, and to maintain the same, etc., during the term. At the end of the term, the land, with the buildings upon it, reverts to the lessor and his assigns. By 45 & 46 Vict. c. 38, s. 2(10)(iii), a building lease is defined as a lease for the erecting and improving of, and the adding to and the repairing of, buildings, and by the Law of Property Act, 1925, s. 205, as a lease for building purposes or purposes connected therewith. Such leases of settled land are regulated by the Settled Land Act, 1925, s. 44, and (as to leases by mortgagees), by s. 99, sub.-ss. 58 (3), (9) and (10) of the (English) L.P. Act, 1925. See the (English) Landlord and Tenant Act, 1927 (17 & 18 Geo. 5, c. 36), s. 2(1), in connection with a tenant's claim for compensation for improvements....
Children
Children. The word child in legal documents means a legitimate child unless otherwise declared by statute. See Morris v. Britannic Assurance Co., 1931 (2) KB 125. 'Child' is defined by the (English) Children and Young Persons Act, 1933 (23 & 24 Geo. 5, c. 12), s. 107, as meaning, for the purposes of the Act, a person under fourteen years of age. The (English) Children and Young Persons (Scotland) Act, 1932 (22 & 23 Geo. 5, c. 47), makes provisions for Scotland similar to those of the corresponding English Act.Registration of Birth, and Vaccination.--It is the duty, by s. 1 of the (English) Births and Deaths Registration act, 1874 (37 & 38 Vict. c. 88), of the father and mother of very child born alive, and in their default of other persons (see BIRTHS), to give information to the registrar within forty two days; the (English) Public Health Act, 1936, ss. 2 and 3, provides for compulsory notification of births to the Medical Officer of Health (see BIRTHS), and the child must be vaccinat...
Registration of title of land
Registration of title of land. The (English) Land Registration Act, 1925 (15 Geo. 5, c. 21), repeals and re-enacts the (English) Land Transfer Acts, 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 87) and 1897 (60 & 61 Vict. c. 65), with amendments in keeping with innovations which were introduced by the property laws of 1925. Its object is to simplify the indicia of land ownership and transfer by mere inscription and transcription in a register. The advantages which are claimed for the system are (a) purchasers for value of an absolute or good leasehold title are absolved from any inquiry into the title other than it is shown to be on the register; (b) certain equitable claims which would be binding on the land under the general law and cannot be removed or over-reached without onerous formalities do not affect such purchasers; (c) the method of conveyance or charge is simple; (d) subject to the statutory provisions, registration guarantees the title to purchasers for value and mortgagees. It should be observ...
Mortgage
Mortgage [fr. mort, Fr., dead, and gage, pledge], a deed pledge; a thing put into the hands of a creditor.A mortgage is the creation of an interest in property, defeasible (i.e., annullable) upon performing the condition of paying a given sum of money, with interest thereon, at a certain time. This conditional assurance is resorted to when a debt has been incurred, or a loan of money or credit effected, in order to secure either the repayment of the one or the liquidation of the other. the debtor, or borrower, is then the mortgagor, who has charged or transferred his property in favour of or to the creditor or lender, who thus becomes the mortgagee. If the mortgagor pay the debtor loan and interest within the time mentioned in a clause technically called the proviso for redemption, he will be entitled to have his property again free from the mortgagee's claim; but should he not comply with such proviso, the legal estate becomes perfected in the mortgagee, i.e., indefeasible, and so los...
Landlord and tenant
Landlord and tenant. A tenancy arises when the owner of an estate inland, called the lessor or landlord, agrees expressly or by implication to allow another person, called the lessee or tenant, to enjoy the exclusive possession and use of the land for a period less than the landlord's estate in it, generally upon payment of rent. The landlord's estate is called the reversion, and at common law, a power of distress for rent is incident to the reversion.Leases or tenancies may be (1) for any agreed period such as for years or less, e.g., for a year, half-year, quarter or week; (2) from year to year; (3) at will; (4) on sufferance; or (5) they may arise upon estoppel; or (6) exist by force of a statute (see LEASE; INCREASE OF RENT). In a narrower sense the words 'tenancy' and 'landlord and tenant' are generally restricted to lease of a house or land for occupational purposes. If nothing appears to the contrary, either expressly or by implication, in the lease or agreement, the landlord is...
Receiver
Receiver, is a person appointed for the collection or protection of property. He is appointed either by the court or out of court by individuals or corporations, Halsbury's Laws of England, 4th Edn., Vol. 39, p. 403, pp. 801.Receiver. (1) An officer appointed by the court to collect rents, etc., pending a suit. Receivers are appointed in actions for administration; in actions by mortgages or against trustees or executors; in actions between partners for winding up the partnership business, and in a great many other cases. (2) A mortgagee may also appoint a receiver of the mortgaged property, if empowered so to do by the mortgage deed or by separate instrument, without having to apply to the court; and by s.19 of the (English) Conveyancing Act, 1881, reproduced and extended to mortgages of certain incorporated hereditaments, such as rentcharges or annual income, by the (English) Law of Property Act, 1925, s. 101, in the case of a mortgage executed on or after the 1st January, 1882, the ...
Re-entry
Re-entry, the resuming or retaking that possession which one has lately foregone. A clause of this nature, called a 'proviso for re-entry,' is inserted in every properly drawn lease, empowering the lessor to re-enter upon the demised premises if the rent is in arrear for a certain period, e.g., twenty-one days, or if there shall be any breach of the lessee's covenants. A proviso for re-entry, strictly speaking, is only applicable to corporeal hereditaments; see Sitwell v. Londesborough (Earl of), (1905) 1 Ch 465. A proviso for re-entry for breach of covenant has been denounced by a judge of the greatest eminence as 'a most odious stipulation', Hodgkinson v. Crowe, (1875) LR 10 Ch 626, per Sir Wm. James, L.J., but in practice is certainly common enough. A proviso confined to the case of non-payment of rent is a 'usual' stipulation: see Re Anderton, (1890) 45 Ch D 476. A lease under the Settled Land Act, 1882, must contain a condition of re-entry on the rent not being paid within a speci...
Payment of Money into Court
Payment of Money into Court, i.e., the deposit of money with the official of or banker to the Court for the purpose of proceedings commenced in that Court. Payment into Court is not strictly a defence; it is rather an attempt at a compromise. No such plea was known to the Common Law; it is entirely the creature of Statute (Odgers on Pleading). By the (English) C.L.P. Act, 1852, s. 70, the defendant in all actions (except for assault and battery false imprisonment, libel, slander, malicious arrest or prosecution or seduction) might pay into Court a sum of money by way of compensation or amends, and by the Libel Act, 1843, money might be paid into Court in actions of libel, but this provision was repealed by the (English) Statute Law Revision Act, 1879.Payment into court is now regulated by (English) R.S.C. 1883, Ord. XXII, by which, where any action is brought to recover a debt or damages, any defendant may, before or at the time of delivering his defence, or by leave of the Court or a ...
Venue
Venue [fr. visne, vicinetum, visnetum, Lat.], the place whence a jury are to come for trial of causes. See Co. Litt. 125 a, and Hargrave's note (2).Local actions must, before the Jud. Act, have been brought in the county in which the cause of action arose; but transitory actions in any county at the plaintiff's option; and no venue could be changed without a special order of the Court or a judge, unless by consent of the parties, R.H.T. 1853, r. 18.It is, however, provided by (English) R.S.C. 1883, Ord. XXXVI., r. 10, that there shall be no local venue for the trial of any action, except where otherwise provided by statute, but in every action in every Division the place of trial shall be fixed by the Court or a judge; and r. 1, the order made on the summons for directions, fixes the place of trial, but this can be subsequently altered for sufficient cause.Very numerous statutes have from time to time provided that any actions for anything done in pursuance of them should be brought in...
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