Parol Evidence - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: parol evidenceParol evidence
Parol evidence, testimony by the mouth of a witness. It is a general rule that oral evidence cannot be substituted for a written instrument, where the latter is required by law, or to give effect to a written instrument, defective in any particular essential to its validity; nor contradict, alter, or vary a written instrument, required by law, or agreed upon by the parties, as the authentic memorial of the facts which it recites. But parol evidence is admissible to defeat a written instrument on the ground of fraud, mistake, etc., or to apply it to its proper subject, or, in some instances, as ancillary to such application to explain the meaning of doubtful terms, or to rebut presumptions arising extrinsically. In these cases the parol evidence does not usurp the place of written evidence, but either shows that the instrument ought not to be allowed to operate at all, or is essential in order to give to the instrument its legal effect.The general rule with regard to the admission of pa...
parol evidence rule
parol evidence rule : a rule of document interpretation: parol evidence offered to contradict or modify a writing (as a contract or will) is not admissible when the writing is unambiguous or was intended to be a final expression of the author's wishes ...
parol evidence
parol evidence see evidence ...
Ambiguity
Ambiguity, doubtfulness, double-meaning, obscurity. There are two species of ambiguity--'latent' and 'patent.' Where the words of a document as they stand are quite clear and intelligible but it turns out that they can apply equally well to two or more persons, or to two or more things, that is a 'latent ambiguity,' and parol evidence is admissible to shew which was really meant. This is not contradicting the document, because each answers the written words equally well. A 'patent ambiguity,' on the other hand, is one which appears on the face of the document and renders it unintelligible, e.g., a legacy of 100l. to ___. No parol evidence is admissible to supply the missing name; but see Watcham v. A.G. of East Africa, 1919 AC 533 (Powell on Evidence). The rule is expressed accordingly in the two following Latin maxims:Ambiguitas verborum latens verificatione suppletur; nam quod ex facto oritur ambiguum verificatione facti tollitur. Bacon.--(a hidden ambiguity of the words may be suppl...
reformation
reformation : the act or an instance of reforming ;specif : the equitable remedy of reforming a writing (as a deed or contract) and enforcing it as reformed NOTE: Reformation is allowed primarily to correct mistakes such as typographical errors or incorrectly chosen words. Occasionally reformation is permitted in cases of fraud or misrepresentation. Clear and convincing evidence of the mistake and of the intended agreement is usually required; sometimes parol evidence is sufficient to establish the agreement. This remedy is not applicable to wills. ...
Testimonial proof
Testimonial proof, parol evidence, Civ. Law....
Parol
Given or done by word of mouth oral also given by a writing not under seal as parol evidence...
stricti juris
stricti juris [Latin] : according to or determined by strict interpretation of the law [the rights of a guarantor are stricti juris "Sitzer v. Lang, 243 S.E.2d 95 (1978)"] n : a rule of legal interpretation requiring or dictating close, narrow, or strict interpretation [failure to apply the rule of stricti juris to the parol evidence "Brown v. Capitol Fish Co., 282 S.E.2d 694 (1981)"] ...
Blank transfer
Blank transfer, in such blank transfers, the name of the transferor is entered, and the transfer deed signed by the transferor is handed over with the share scrip to the transferee, who, if he so chooses, completes the transfer by entering his name and then applying to the company to register his name in place of the previous holder of the share, Howrah Trading Co v. CIT, AIR 1959 SC 775 (778). [Income-tax Act (11 of 1922) s. 18(5)]--A deed executed with the name of a transferee or vendee in blank is void; but the lender will have an equitable security, Colonial Bank v. Whinney, (1884) 26 CD 257, and this principle is applicable to transfers of shares in companies transferable only by deed; but if transferable under hand only the transfer may be filled in by any one having express authority, or authority to be implied from the nature of the transaction, Hibblewhite v. McMorine, 6 M&W 200, and Powell v. London, etc. Bank, (1893) 2 Ch 555.If in a will the name of a legatee is left blank,...
Use and occupation, Action for
Use and occupation, Action for, an action for dam-ages upon the case for breach of an implied agreement to pay for the use of a landlord's property under the Distress for Rent Act, 1737 (11 Geo. 2, c. 19), s. 14, whereby it is enacted that it shall be lawful for the landlord, where the agreement is not by deed, to recover a reasonable satisfaction for the lands, tenements, or hereditaments held or occupied by the defendant in an action on the case, for the use or occupation of what was so held or enjoyed; and if in evidence on the trial of such action any parole demise, or any agreement (not being by deed) whereon a certain rent was reserved, shall appear, the plaintiff in such action shall not therefore be non-suited, but may make use thereof as an evidence of the quantum of the damages to be recovered. Apparently, the action is not for damages ex delictu, because the action is not maintainable against a trespasser or wrong-doer, an action for debt on the demise but not upon covenant ...
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