Ought - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: oughtWhich ought to have been passed
Which ought to have been passed, the expression 'which ought to have been passed' means 'which ought in law to have been passed', Gini Ram v. Ramji Lal, AIR 1969 SC 1144 (1147). [Civil Procedure Code (1908), O. 41, R. 33]...
Oughtness
The state of being as a thing ought to be rightness...
Tax
Tax [fr. tasg, Wel.; taxe, Fr. and Dut.], an impost; a tribute imposed on the subject; an excise; tallage.A monetary charge imposed by government on persons, entities or properly to yield public revenue, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 1469.Some general principles of taxation have been said to be:-(1) The subjects of every State ought to contribute to the support of the Government as nearly as possible in proportion to their respective abilities; that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the State. In the observation or neglect of this maxim consists what is called the equality or inequality of taxation.(2) The tax which each individual is bound to pay ought to be certain and not arbitrary. The time of payment, the manner of payment, the quality to be paid, ought all to be clear and plain to the contributor, and to every other person.(3) Every tax ought to be levied at the time, or in the manner, in which it is most likely to be co...
Under the provisions hereinbefore contained
Under the provisions hereinbefore contained, means if the magistrate comes to the conclusion that the accused ought to be committee for trial, he shall commit in accordance with the provisions contained in the earlier part of the Code, Chhadanilal Jain v. State of Uttar Pradesh, AIR 1960 SC 41: (1960) Cr LJ 145.The Magistrate comes to the conclusion that the accused ought to be committed for trial he shall commit in accordance with the provisions contained in the earlier part of the Code namely, in Chapter XVIII. This of course does not mean that the Magistrate must begin over again for the beginning. All that he has to do when he decides that the case ought to be committed is to inform the accused and see that the provisions of Chapter XVIII are complied with so far as they have not been complied with upto the stage at which he decides that there ought to be a commitment. Now the procedure under Chapter XVIII is lad down in ss. 208 to 213 of the Code, Chhadimal Jain v. State of Uttar ...
Reasonable
Reasonable, has in law prima facie meaning of reasonable in regard to those circumstances of which the actor, called upon to act reasonably knows or ought to know, Gujarat Water Supply & Sewerage Board v. Unique Erectors (Gujarat) Pvt. Ltd., (1989) 1 JT SC 157: (1989) 39 ELT 493: AIR 1989 SC 973; Rena Drego v. Lalchand Soni, (1998) 3 SCC 341.Reasonable, has in law the prima facie meaning of reasonable in regard those circumstances of which the actor, called on to act reasonably, knows or ought to know, Rena Drego v. Lalchand Soni, (1998) 3 SCC 341.Means rational, according to dictate of reason and not excessive or immoderate. If something is not per se preposterous or absurd, it must he held to be reasonable. 'The action is called reasonable which an informed, intelligent, just minded, civilized man could rationally favour. The concept of reasonable-ness does not exclude notions of morality and ethics. In the circumstances of a given case consi-derations of morality and ethics may have...
Retainer
Retainer. (1) The contract between client and solicitor or between solicitor and counsel for professional services: the contract that such services shall not be given to the opposite party; (2) a document given by a solicitor to counsel, engaging the person who receives it to appear for a party, either in some particular suit or action in prospect (which is called a special retainer, or in all matters of litigation in which such party may at any time be involved; this is called a general retainer. Subject to rr. 20 and 21 of the Retainer Rules, a special retainer is binding if duly tendered, whether accepted or not, but there is no rule of the profession which makes a general retainer binding on a counsel unless it is accepted by him.Rules 20 and 21 are shortly as follows.By rule 20 counsel who has drawn pleadings or advised, or accepted a brief, during the progress of an action on behalf of any party must not accept a retainer or brief from any other party without giving the party or ...
Nonjoinder
The omission of some person who ought to have been made a plaintiff or defendant in a suit or of some cause of action which ought to be joined...
Ceria debet esse intentio, et narratio, et certum fundamentum, et certa res qua deducitur in judicium
Ceria debet esse intentio, et narratio, et certum fundamentum, et certa res qua deducitur in judicium [Lat.], The intention, the count, and the foundation, ought to be certain, and so ought the things to be which is brought for judgment....
Conditio beneficialis, qu' statum construit, benigne secundum verborum intentionem est interpretanda; odiosa autem qu' statum destruit, stricte secundum verborum proprietatem accipienda
Conditio beneficialis, qu' statum construit, benigne secundum verborum intentionem est interpretanda; odiosa autem qu' statum destruit, stricte secundum verborum proprietatem accipienda. 8 Rep. 90. (A beneficial condition, which creates as estate, ought to be construed favourably according to the intention of the words; but a condition which destroys an estate is odious, and ought to be construed strictly according to the letter of the words.)...
Constructive notice
Constructive notice. The knowledge which is imputed to a party: (a) if he omits to make the usual and proper inquiry into the title of property which he has purchased; (b) if he omits to investigate some fact which has been brought to his notice suggesting the existence of such title or claim; (c) if he deliberately refrains from inquiry in order to avoid notice. See Halsbury, L.E., vol. 13, and the person affected with constructive notice takes, if at all, subject to the title or claim, whether he knew of it or not; for instance, a purchaser of land who is satisfied to take a shorter title than he could call for by statute is affected by notice of all trusts and equities of which he would have had notice if he had seen the full title. See Cox and Neve's Contract, (1891) 2 Ch 109; Patman v. Harland, (1881) 17 CD 353 illustrates the doctrine. It was there held that: (a) notice of a material document is notice of its contents, and (b) although the (English) Vendor and Purchaser Act, 1874...
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