Official Secrets - Law Dictionary Search Results
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Official secrets. The (English) Official Secrets Act, 1889, was the first Act aimed at the prevention of the disclosure of official secrets. This Act was repealed and re-enacted with amendments by the (English) Official Secrets Act, 1911, which has been amended by the (English) Official Secrets Act, 1920. It is made an offence to spy in a 'prohibited place,' or wrongfully to communicate codes, plans, models, documents, or information relating to such a place, or to munitions of war, or which are used in such a place. There are special provisions as to arrest, the harbouring of spies, and the issue of search warrants. A Secretary of State may require the production of any document relating to a telegram or cable or wireless message. Every person who carries on the business of receiving letters, postal packets, or telegrams for other persons must be registered with the police and keep a record of the letters, etc., passing through his hands, and must not give up a letter, etc., unless a ...
Secret
Secret. A solicitor, and it is presumed also a barrister, is bound by law not to disclose his client's secrets, and the same rule does not appear to apply as between medical men and their patients, see as to this Chitty on Contracts, and Kitson v. Playfair, Times, 28th March, 1896. As to privileged communica-tions, however, the privilege is that of the client, not of the solicitor. The clerk of a professional or business man is under an implied contract not to disclose professional or trade secrets which he has learned in the course of his employment, Merryweather v. Moore, (1892) 2 Ch 518; Amber Size and Chemical Co., Ltd. v. Menzel, (1913) 2 Ch 239.As to official secrets, see that title; and as to secrets of the confessional, see CONFESSION.As to secret commission, corruptly taken by an agent from the party with whom he is employed by his principal to transact business for such principal, see COMMISSION; CORRUPT PRACTICES.To secrete means, according to the dictionary 'to hide' in con...
Camera
Camera [fr. kam'pa, Gk.], the judge's chamber in Serjeants' Inn, Ken. Glos.--means room, chamber, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn.The judge's private room behind the court.A trial is said to take place in camera when the public are excluded from the court.No criminal trial can take place in camera. Certain kinds of civil actions in the Chancery Division are heard in camera, e.g., cases concerning secret processes of manufacture.It has recently been decided (contrary to what was commonly supposed to be the law) that no nullity suit or other matrimonial cause, whatever its nature, can be heard in camera unless justice cannot otherwise be administered; see Scott v. Scott, 1913 AC 417, where the whole question of hearings in camera is discussed at length by the House of Lords.In a trial under the (English) Official Secrets Act, by the 1920 Act (10 & 11 Geo. 5, c. 75), s. 8, the public maybe excluded during part of the hearing (in certain cases) but the verdict must be pronounced in public....
Munitions of war
Munitions of war. As to keeping secret patents for their invention, see s. 30 of the Patents and Designs Act, 1932 (22 & 23 Geo. 5, c. 32), and Patent Rules, 1932, rr. 106-108. As to supplying such to foreign states at peace with this country, for the purpose of hostilities between themselves, see 33 & 34 Vict. c. 90. As to the establishment of a Ministry of Munitions during the Great War, see 5 & 6 Geo. 5, c. 51. It was abolished by 11 Geo. 5, c. 8. Cf. CONTRABAND.It includes the whole or any part of any ship, submarine, aircraft, tank or similar engine, arms and ammunition, torpedo, or mine intended or adopted for use in war, and any other article, material or device, whether actual or proposed, intended for such use. [Official Secrets Act, 1923 (19 of 1923), s. 2 (5)]...
Arsenals
Arsenals [fr. arzana, darzena, tarzana, It.], dockyards, magazines, and other military stores. It is a felony punishable by death to burn or otherwise destroy a royal arsenal (The (English) Dockyards, etc. Protection Act, 1772), (12 Geo. 3, c. 24); a felony punishable with penal servitude to be guilty of spying thee; and a misdemeanour to disclose official information as to a royal arsenal. ((English) Official Secrets Acts, 1911 and 1920)...
Attorney-General
Attorney-General, a great officer of state appointed by letters-patent, and the legal representative of the Crown in the Supreme Court. He is also ex-officio head of the bar for the time being. He exhibits informations, prosecutes for the Crown in criminal matters and in revenue causes, and used to grant fiats for writs of error until they were abolished by s. 20 of the (English) Criminal Appeal Act, 1907, His fiat or consent is required before certain proceedings or prosecutions can be commenced (see, e.g., (English) Public Bodies Corrupt Practices Act, 1889, and Prevention of Corruption Act, 1906). In many cases also (see e.g., (English) Lunacy Act, 1890, s. 325; (English) Public Health Act, 1936, s. 298; (English) Public Health (Officers) Act, 1884; (English) Public Health (Members and Officers) Act, 1885; Official Secrets Act, 1911, s. 8), his consent is necessary before penalties can be recovered. His fiat is necessary for certain appeals to the House of Lords. See (English) Appel...
Budget
Budget, In U.K. budget is presented soon after the beginning of the financial year by the chancellor of exchequer. His annual financial statement known as Budget deals with resources of the country, estimates of probable income and expenditure and fresh tax proposals, Parliamentary Practice, Erskine May, 22nd Edn., 2001.Budget, is the annual estimate of revenue and expenditure of a country, Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English, A.S. Hornby, 2002, p. 155.Budget, is a periodic assessment of and programmes for national revenue and expenditure, proposed by Government and presented to Parliament, Chambers 21st Century Dictionary, p. 183.Budget, refer to the statement of the estimated receipts and expenditure of the Government of India known as annual financial statement, it is caused to be laid before both Houses of Parliament by the President in respect of every financial year on such day as he may direct, Constitution of India - Article 112, Rules of Procedure and Condu...
Document
Document, includes part of a document. [Official Secrets Act, 1923 (19 of 1923), s. 2 (3)]The meaning of the document or of a particular part of it is therefore to be sought for in the document itself. That is, undoubtedly, the primary rule of construction to which ss. 90 to 94 of the Indian Evidence Act give statutory recognition and effect, with certain exceptions contained in ss. 95 to 98 of the Act. Of course, 'the document' means 'the document' read as a whole and not piecemeal, Delhi Development Authority v. Durga Chand Kaushish, (1973) 2 SCC 825: AIR 1973 SC 2609: (1974) 1 SCR 535.Document shall include any matter written, expressed or described upon any substance by means of letters, figures or marks, or by more than one of those means which is intended to be used, or which may be used, for the purpose of recording that matter. [General Clauses Act, 1897 (10 of 1987), s. 3(18)]...
In addition and without prejudice to any powers
In addition and without prejudice to any powers, in s. 14 of the Official Secrets Act 1923, is merely an enabling and not a barring provision and it reserves the inherent powers of the court to exclude the public from the proceedings if the court is of the opinion that it is just and expedient to do so, Superintendent and Remembrancer of Legal Affairs v. Satyen Bhowmick, AIR 1981 SC 917: (1981) 2 SCC 109: (1981) 2 SCR 661....
Passport
Passport, a licence for the safe passage of anyone from one place to another, or from one country to another. Passports are issued by the Foreign Office to British-born subjects or to those naturalised in the United Kingdom, British Dominions, Colonies or India, subject to the recommendation and identification of the applicant by a person holding certain positions, e.g., J.P., barrister, solicitor, physician. Application should be made to the Passport Office, 1, Queen Anne's Gate Buildings, Dartmouth Street, Westminster, London, or 36, Dale Street, Liverpool.A combination to procure from the British Foreign Office a passport taken out in one name but to be used in another is an indictable misdemeanour, R. v. Brailsford and McCulloch, (1905) 2 KB 730. Forgery is a misdemeanour under the (English) Official Secrets Act, 1920 (10 & 11 Geo. 5, c. 86), and obtaining passports by false statements, under the (English) Criminal Justice Act, 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5, c. 86).A 'passport' is a documen...
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