Nucleotide - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: nucleotideCodon
a sequence of three nucleotides in a genome or a DNA or messenger RNA molecule which specifies the incorporation of one amino acid or is a stop signal during the biosynthesis of proteins Codons occur within the protein coding segments of the DNA or RNA genome of living organisms The amino acid sequence of proteins synthesized on ribosomes is thus determined by the sequence of the nucleotides in the genome...
frameshift
of pertaining to or causing a type of mutation consisting of the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides in the nucleic acid structure of a gene when the number of base pairs inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three If the addition or deletion occurs in multiples of three the unaffected nucleotides in the genome remain in the proper order frame to be correctly translated into protein in such cases of insertions or deletions not causing a frame shift a functional though altered protein may be produced by the organism Frameshift mutations cause more profound changes in the composition of the protein resulting from translation of the mutated gene...
nucleoside
A type of molecule found in all living organisms present mostly in chemically combined form as a component of nucleic acids and also in smaller amounts in free form consisting of a pentose sugar bound to a purine or pyrimidine base two types of nucleoside ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside are present The most common bases present in nucleosides are adenine cytosine uracil guanine and thymine and to a lesser extent hypoxanthine and other bases are found The most commmon ribonucleosides composed from these bases are called adenosine cytidine uridine and guanosine The forms esterified with orthophosphoric at the 5 position of the pentose are called nucleotides The nucleotides form the monomer units which are combined into DNA and RNA which carry the genetic information required for reproduction in all known organisms...
base pair
a unit of double stranded DNA or RNA consisting of two complementary bases on opposing strands of the double stranded polynucleotide bound together by hydrogen bonds and other non covalent chemical forces The bases comprising the base pairs are adenine thymine cytidine and guanine In normal DNA the base adenine on one strand of DNA pairs with thymine on the opposite strand and cytosine on one strand pairs with guanine on the opposite strand The term base pair usually includes the sugar ribose or deoxyribose and the phosphate bound to each base to form a nucleotide unit One base pair is sometimes used as a unit of length or size for DNA and in this usage is abbreviated bp as a 100 bp fragment of DNA A length of 1000 base pairs is a kilobase pair or kbp...
nucleotide
a phosphate ester of a nucleoside one of the monomeric components of DNA or RNA...
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