Necessary Party - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: necessary party Page: 3Mandate
Mandate [fr. mandatum, Lat.], a judicial command, charge, commission.Also, a bailment of goods, without reward, to be carried from place to place, or to have some act performed about them. The person employing is called in the Civil Law mandans or mandator, and the person employed mandatarius or mandatory. The distinction between a mandate and a deposit is that in the latter the principal object of the parties is the custody of the thing; and the service and labour are merely accessorial. In the former, the labour and service are the principal objects of the parties, and the thing is merely accessorial. Three things are necessary to create a mandate: (1) that there should exist something which should be the subject of the contract, or some act or business to be done; (2) that it should be done gratuitously; (3) that the parties should voluntarily intend to enter into the contract. A mandatary incurs three obligations: (1) to do the act which is the object of the mandate, and with which...
Pleading
Pleading. 1. In its general sense, the proceedings from the statement of claim to issue joined, i.e., the opposing statements of the parties. 2. Any part of these proceedings.The science of pleading was no doubt derived from Normandy. The use of stated forms of pleading is not to be traced among the Anglo-Saxons. Pleading was cultivated as a science in the reign of Edward I. The object of pleading is to ascertain, by the production of an issue, the subject for decision. Before the Judicature Acts, pleading under the Judicature Act is intended to combine the advantages of the two systems; it being provided by R.S.C. 1883, Ord. XIX., Rule 4, that 'every pleading shall contain, and contain only, a statement in a summary form of the material facts on which the party pleading relies; but not the evidence by which they are to be proved,' and 'shall, when necessary, be divided into paragraphs numbered consecutively.' Consult Bullen and Leake, or Odgers on Pleading.A pleading has to be read as...
agreement
agreement 1 a : the act or fact of agreeing [by mutual ] b : unity of opinion, understanding, or intent ;esp : the mutual assent of contracting parties to the same terms [if they reach ] NOTE: Under common law, agreement is a necessary element of a valid contract. Under Uniform Commercial Code section 1-201(3), agreement is the bargain of the contracting parties as represented explicitly by their language or implicitly by other circumstances (as a course of dealings). 2 a : an expression (as a settlement, covenant, or contract) of the intent or willingness of two or more parties to bind at least one to terms usually determined by negotiation [an must be sufficiently definite before a court can enforce it "J. D. Calamari and J. M. Perillo"] b : the language or instrument embodying such an expression [signed the ] ...
Compounding
Compounding, arranging, coming to terms; compounding a felony is where the party robbed not only knows the felon, but also takes his goods again, or other amends, upon an agreement not to prosecute; this offence was denominated theftbote. It is a misdemeanour and is punishable by fine and imprisonment. See Reg. v. Burgess, (1885) 16 QBD 141.It is no offence to compound a misdemeanour unless the offence is virtually an offence against the public, for the party injured may maintain an action to recover compensation in damages. See Keir v. Leeman, (1844) 6 QB 308; (1846) 9 QB 371; Odgers on the Common Law. And compounding offences only cognizable before magistrates on summary jurisdiction is not within 18 Eliz. c. 5.Corruptly to take reward for helping a person to recover stolen goods is felony (Larceny Act, 1916, s. 34); and to advertise a reward for the return of things stolen by an advertisement representing that no questions will be asked, etc., incurs a penalty of 50l. (Larceny Act, ...
Scandal
Scandal, a report or rumour, or an action whereby one is affronted in public.Disgraceful, shameful, or degrading acts or conducts, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 1345.Scandal, in pleadings, is injurious, by making the records of the court the means of perpetuating libellous and malignant slanders; and the Court, in aid of the public morals, is bound to interfere to suppress such indecencies.It is provided by (English) R.S.C. 1883, Ord. XIX., r. 27, that scandalous matter may be ordered to be struck out from any pleading, and by Ord. XXXVIII., r. 11, from affidavits.Scandal, consists in the allegation of anything which is unbecoming the dignity of the court to hear, or is contrary to decency or good manners, or which charges some person with a crime not necessary to be shown in the cause, to which may be added that any unnecessary allegation, bearing cruelly upon the moral character of an individual, is also scandalous. The matter alleged must not be only offensive, but also irrel...
Sequestratio
Sequestratio, the separating or setting aside of a thing in controversy, from the possession of both the parties that contend for it; it is twofold-voluntary, done by consent of all parties; and necessary, when a judge orders it, Civ. Law....
Condition
Condition. An event upon which a right under contract or to property may arise, become altered, or cease. Condition has been used in connection with personal obligations to distinguish one kind of obligation from another in the same transaction and to limit property. In their primary meaning, conditions precedent are events, but for the happening of which, rights will not arise.A condition subsequent puts an end to a state of things which, but for its happening, would have continued. Dependent or collateral conditions depend upon their mutual fulfilment as in a contract for sale of land where, unless otherwise agreed, the payment of the purchase money is conditional upon the conveyance and vice versa.Conditions may be imposed by the parties, either expressly or by necessary implication arising our of the construction of the document or agreement, or they may be implied bylaw according to the nature of the transaction.A peculiarity of conditions precedent is that an illegal or impossibl...
Living separately
Living separately, the expression 'living separately', connotes to our mind not living like husband and wife. It has no reference to the place of living. The parties may live under the same roof by force of circumstances, and yet they may not be living as husband and wife. The parties may be living in different houses and yet they could live as husband and wife. What seems to be necessary is that they have no desire to perform marital obligations and with that mental attitude they have been living separately for a period of one year immediately preceding the presentation of the petition, Sureshta Devi v. Om Prakash, AIR 1992 SC 1904 (1907): (1991) 2 SCC 25. [Hindu Marriage Act, (25 of 1955), s. 13B]...
Restraint of trade
Restraint of trade. Contracts in general restraint of trade--that is, that a party shall not carry on a particular trade at all--are void on the ground of public policy, Mitchel v. Reynolds, (1711) 1 P Wms 181; 1 Sm LC, but contracts in partial restraint of trade--that is, where the restraint does not extend further than is necessary for the reasonable protection of the party for whose protection it has been agreed to--are good, if made, although by deed, for some consideration, and if not injurious to the public interests of this country. See the Nordenfelt case,1894 AC 535, in which it is recognised that the law of this subject has been gradually growing in liberality, Attwood v. Lamont, (1920) 3 KB 571; Dewas v. Fitch, (1921) 2 AC 158; and consult Leake or Chitty on Contracts.An agreement between or combination of businesses intended to eliminate competition, create a mono-poly, artificially raise prices, or otherwise ad-versely affect free market, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn....
Lawful possession
Lawful possession, is not litigious possession and must have some foundation in a legal right to possess the property which cannot be equated with a temporary right to enforce recovery of the property in case a person is wrongfully or forcibly dispossessed from it. Juridical possession is possession protected by law against wrongful dispossession but cannot perse always be equated with lawful possession, M.C. Chockalingam v. V. Manickavasagam, AIR 1974 SC 104 (110): (1974) 1 SCC 48: (1974) 2 SCR 143. [T.N. Cinemas (Regulation) Rules, 1957, R. 13]The term 'lawful possession' as defined in the Law Lexicon, Reprint Edition, 1987, by P. Ramanatha Aiyar at p. 712 as: The term 'lawful possession' is not convertible with 'innocent possession' in legal terminology. Intent does not enter into whether an act is unlawful or tortuous, though it does as to whether it is innocent or criminal. To establish 'lawful possession'.It is absolutely necessary for a party to prove with the documents which ca...
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