Made Up - Law Dictionary Search Results
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formed or conceived by the imagination not true as a made up story...
Civil Law
Civil Law, that rule of action which every particular nation, commonwealth, or city has established peculiarly for itself, more properly distinguished by the name of municipal law.The term 'civil law' is now chiefly applied to that which the Romans complied from the laws of nature and nations.The 'Roman Law'and the 'Civil Law' are convertible phrases, meaning the same system of jurisprudence; it is now frequently denominated 'the Roman Civil Law.'The collections of Roman Civil Law, before its reformation in the sixth century of the Christian era by the eastern Emperor Justinian, were the following:--(1) Leges Regi'. These laws were for the most part promulgated by Romulus, Numa Pompilius and Servius Tullius. To Romulus are ascribed the formation of a constitutional government, and the imposition of a fine, instead of death, for crimes; Numa Pompilius composed the laws relating to religion and divine worship, and abated the rigour of subsisting laws; and Servius Tullius, the sixth king,...
Includes
Includes, as (i) to have as contents or part of contents; be made up of or contain; (ii) to add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group or a category (iii) to contain as a secondary or minor ingredient or element, (Collins Dictionary of English Language).Is used in an interpretation clause, it must be construed as comprehending not only such things as they signify according to their nature and import but also those thing which the interpretation clause declares that they shall include, Scientific Engg. House (P) Ltd. v. C.I.T., (1986) 1 SCC 11: 1986 SCC (Tax) 143.The word 'includes' has different meanings in different contexts. Standard Dictionaries assign more than one meaning to the word 'include'. Webster's Dictionary defines the word 'include' as synonymous with 'comprise' or 'contain'. The Illustrated Oxford Dictionary defines the word 'include' as (i) comprise or contain in as a part of a whole; (ii) treat or regard as so included. The Collins Dictionary of Engl...
National insurance
National insurance. The (English) National Insur-ance Act, 1911 (1 & 2 Geo. 5, c. 55), introduced by Mr. Lloyd George, established a wide system of compulsory state insurance covering both ill-health and unemployment, which is based upon premiums contributed in part by the employer, in part by the employee, and in part by the State. The Act consisted of three parts, the first dealing with National Health Insurance, the second with Unemployment Insurance, and the third contained miscellaneous provisions. This Act remained the basis of National Health Insurance, although the subject of very extensive amendment, until the National Health Insurance Act, 1924, consolidated the law. The law has been consolidated again by the (English) National Health Insurance Act, 1936 (26 Geo. 5, and 1 Edw. 8, c. 32), amends and repeals the whole of the Acts passed in 1920, 1922, 1924 and 1928. The arrangement is as follows:-Part I. Insured Persons and Contributions.Part II. Benefits.Part III. Approved Soc...
Land charge
Land charge, means a rent or annuity or principal moneys charged otherwise than by deed upon land under (English) Act of Parliament for securing to any person, the money spent by him, or under that Act, as a charge under the Land Drainage Act, 1861 (see DRAINAGE), or s. 20 of the Agricultural Holdings Act, 1923, for repayment of compensa-tion of tenant's improvements. See s. 4 of the Land Charges Registration and Searches Act, 1888 (51 & 52 Vict. c. 51), by s. 12 of which a 'land charge,' created after the commencement of that Act-i.e., after 1st January, 1889-is void against a purchaser for value of the land charged therewith, unless it has been registered in the 'Register of Charges,' in the manner mentioned in that Act, since transferred to the Land Registry by virtue of the Land Charges Act, 1900 (63 & 64 Vict. c. 26), repealed by the Land Charges Act,1925. By this Act the system of compulsory registration of charges over land has been greatly extended and no purchaser of land woul...
Reserve
Reserve, the term 'reserve' is not defined in the Act. The dictionary meaning of the word 'Reserve' is: To keep for future use or enjoyment; to store up for some time or occasion; to refrain from using or enjoying at once. To keep back or hold over to a later time or place or for further treatment. To set apart for some purpose or with some end in view; to keep for some use. To retain or preserve for certain purposes.' (Oxford Dictionary). In Webster's New International Dictionary, Second Edition, page 2118, 'Reserve' is defined as follows:To keep in store for future or special use; to keep in reserve; to retain, to keep, as for oneself. To keep back; to retain or hold over to a future time or place. To preserve, Commissioner of Income Tax v. Century Spinning and Manufacturing Co., AIR 1953 SC 501: (1954) SCR 203.(ii) As to what the word 'Reserves' as used in the Business Profits Tax Act connotes, was considered by this Court in Commissioner of Income-tax v. Century Spinning & Manufact...
Share
Share, a share is not a sum of money; it represents an interest measured by a sum of money and made up of diverse rights contained in the contract evidenced by the articles of association of the Company, I.T. Commissioner v. Standard Vacuum Oil Co. Ltd., AIR 1966 SC 1393 (1397). [Business Profits Act, 1947, Schedule II, R. 2(1)]Share, is not a sum of money, it represents an interest measured by a sum of money and make up of diverse rights contained in the contract, evidenced by the articles of association of the company, C.I.T. v. Standard Vaccum Oil Co., AIR 1966 SC 1393: (1966) 2 SCR 367: (1966) 1 SCJ 401: (1966) 59 ITR 685: (1966) 1 LT 327: (1966) 1 Com LJ 187....
Petroleum
Petroleum, includes any mineral oil or relative hydrocarbon and natural gas existing in its natural condition in strata, but does not include coal or bituminous shales or other shales or other stratified deposits from which oil can be extracted by destructive distillation. [Petroleum (Production) Act, 1934 (UK)]Includes any mineral oil or relative hydrocarbon and natural gas existing in its natural condition in strata, whether or not it has undergone any processing; but does not include coal or bituminous shales or other stratified deposits from which oil can be extracted by destructive distillation. [Pipelines Act, 1962 (UK)]Petroleum, is an oily, inflammable liquid made up mostly of hydrocarbons compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon, the New Bank of Popular Science, Vol. 2; Special Reference No. 1 of 2001, In Re (2004) 4 SCC 489.Means liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons are so intimately associated in nature that it has become customary to shorten the expression 'petroleum and na...
Land-tax
Land-tax, means a tax laid upon land and houses, which in 1689 (1 Will. & Mary, c. 3) superseded all the former methods of taxing either property or persons in respect of their property, whether by tenth or fifteenths, subsidies on land, hydages, scutages, or talliages. Although generally a charge upon a landlord, yet it is a tax neither on landlord nor tenant, but on the beneficial proprietor, as distinguished from the mere tenant at rack-rent; and if a tenant have to any extent a beneficial interest, he becomes liable to the tax pro tanto, and can only charge the residue on his landlord. Houses and buildings appropriated to public purposes are not liable to land-tax. As to its origin and inequality, see 3 Hall. Cons. Hist. 135; Miller on the Land-tax; Bourdin on Land-tax.The more agricultural counties, upon which the burden of the tax has fallen most heavily by reason of the depreciation in value of agricultural land, were greatly relieved by s. 31 of the (English) Finance Act, 1896,...
hipbone
Either of two large flaring bones each forming one half of the pelvis made up of the ilium and ischium and pubis...
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