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Fresh fact

Fresh fact, There may be facts which are not germane or are not relevant to the grounds justifying the detention and when s. 14 of the Maintenance of Internal Security Act, 1971 refers to fresh facts it does not refer to facts which are not relevant, but to such fresh facts on which the detaining authority is satisfied that an order of detention should be made. If the fresh facts cannot form the basis for a conclusion on which the detention order can be made, then those facts are not fresh facts which will justify the detaining authority to make an order of detention, Har Jas Dev Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1973 SC 2469: (1973) 2 SCC 575: (1974) 1 SCR 281....


Existing law

Existing law, this expression under Art. 366(10) means, 'any law, Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation passed or made before or made before the commencement of this Constitution by any Legislature, authority or person having power to make such law, Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation', N.B. Jeejeebhoy v. Assistant Collector, AIR 1965 SC 1096: (1965) 1 SCR 636. [Constitution of India, Art. 366(10)]This definition would include only passed by a competent authority as well as rules, bye-laws and regulations made by virtue of statutory power. It would therefore not include administrative orders which are traceables not to any law made by the legislature but derive their force form executive authority and made either for the convenience of the administration or for the benefit or individuals, though the power to make laws as well as these orders was vested in the same authority- the absolute ruler, State of Gujarat v. Vore Fiddali, AIR 1964 SC 1043 (1064). [Constitution o...


Pawnbroker

Pawnbroker, contemplates that every person who keeps a shop for the purchase or sale of goods or chattels and who purchases goods or chattels and pays or advances thereon any sum of money, with or under an agreement or understanding expressed or implied that the goods or chattel may be afterwards repurchased on any terms, is a 'pawnbroker', Karnataka Pawnbrokers' Assn. v. State of Karnataka, (1998) 7 SCC 707.One who lends money on goods which he receives upon pledge.The rate of interest which pawnbrokers may take has been fixed by law since 1800, by 39 & 40 Geo. 3, c. 48, which Act placed their whole business under various other restrictions. By the (English) Pawn-brokers Act, 1872 (which applies to Scotland, but not to Ireland), this Act, together with its amending Acts, is repealed, and the statute law of the subject consolidated. Sch. IV., dealing with profits and charges, has been amended by the (English) Pawnbrokers Act, 1922, in respect of loans not exceeding 40s.By s. 5 of the A...


Negotiable multimodal transport document

Negotiable multimodal transport document, means a multimodal transport document which is--(i) made out to order or to bearer; or(ii) made out to order and is transferable by endorsement; or(iii) made out to bearer and is transferable without endorsement. [Multimodal Transportation of Goods Act, 1993 (28 of 1993), s. 2 (n)]...


Respondeat ouster

Respondeat ouster (let him answer over). If a demurrer is joined in a plea to the jurisdiction, person, or writ, etc., and it be judged that the defendant put in a more substantial plea, interlocutory judgment is given that he shall answer. Also, if a prisoner fail upon a plea in bar, he has judgment of respondent ouster, and may plead over to the offence the general issue, not guilty, Steph. Com., 7th ed., iii. 569; iv. 405.(let him make further answer) -- A judgment or order that a party who made a dilatory plea that has been denied must now plead on merits, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 1313.Means 'let him make further answer'. A judgment or order that a party who made a dilatory plea that has been denied must now plead on the merits, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 1313....


Confesso, bill taken pro

Confesso, bill taken pro, an order which the Court of Chancery made, when the defendant did not file an answer, that the plaintiff might take such a decree as the case made by his bill warranted. See now DEFAULT; PLEADING....


Necessary party

Necessary party, a necessary party is one without whom no order can be made effectively; a proper party is one in whose absence of effective order can be made but whose presence is necessary for a complete and final decision on the question involved in the proceeding, Udit Narain Singh Malpaharia v. Additional member Board of Revenue, 1963 Supp (1) 676: AIR 1963 SC 786 (790). [Constitution of India Art. 22]...


Necessary party, Proper party

Necessary party, Proper party, a necessary party is one without whom no order can be made effectively. A proper party is one in whose absence an effective order can be made but whose presence is necessary for a complete and final decision on the question involved in the proceeding. The addition of parties is generally not a question of initial jurisdiction of the Court but a judicial discretion which has to be exercised in view of all the facts and circumstances of a particular case, Ramesh Hirachand Kundanmal v. Municipal Corporation of Greater Bombay, (1992) 2 SCC 524 (528). [C.P.C. 1908, O. 1, R. 10 (2)]...


Ship

Ship, the carriage of goods by Sea Act, 1925 (26 of 1925). [XXVI of 1925, Sch. Art. 1, Cl. (d)]Ship, means any vessel used for the carriage of goods by sea.A type of vessel used or intended to be used in navigation, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 1382.In the Merchant Shipping Act, 1894 (57 & 58 Vict. c. 60), by s. 742, 'includes every description of vessel used in navigation not propelled by oars.' [This definition has been adopted by the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5, c. 34), s. 48(1)]'Foreign-going ship,' by the same s., 'includes every ship employed in trading, or going between some place or places in the United Kingdom, and some place or places situate beyond the following limits: that is to say, the coasts of the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man, and the continent of Europe, between the river Elbe and Brest inclusive'; and'Home-trade ship' includes 'every ship employed in trading or going' within the above limits; and'Home-trade pass...


Service

Service [fr. servitium, Lat.], that duty which a tenant, by reason of his estate, owes to his lord. There are many divisions of this duty in our ancient law books, as into personal and real, which is either urbane or rustic, free and base, continua land annual, casual and accidental, intrinsic and extrinsic, certain and uncertain, etc. see TENURE.The formal delivery of a writ, summons of other legal process 2. The formal delivery of some other legal notice such as pleading, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 1372.The formal mode of bringing a writ or other process, or a notice in a suit, to the knowledge of the person affected by it.The service of writs of summons is regulated by (English) R.S.C. 1883, Ord. IX., which by r. 1 dispenses wit service, when (as is usual) the defendant, by his solicitor, agrees to accept service, and enters an appearance. By r. 2, service, when required, must be personal, unless an order for 'substituted service, or the substitution of notice for service,...


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