Letter - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: letterletter
letter 1 : a direct written statement addressed to an individual or organization ;broadly : an official communication see also counterletter determination letter : a letter from an administrative agency (as the Internal Revenue Service) usually in response to a request in which a determination, decision, or ruling (as whether an organization qualifies as charitable) is made information letter : a letter from an administrative agency usually in response to a request that provides information and esp. that simply calls attention to an interpretation or principle of law letter of intent : a letter in which the intention to enter into a formal agreement (as a contract) or to take some specified action is stated letter ro·ga·to·ry [-rō-gə-tȯr-ē] [probably partial translation of Medieval Latin littera rogatoria letter of request] : a formal written request by a court to a court in a foreign jurisdiction to summon and examine a witness in accordance...
letter of credit
letter of credit :a document issued to a beneficiary at the request of the issuer's customer in which the issuer (as a bank) promises to honor a demand for payment by the beneficiary in order to satisfy or secure the customer's debt compare guaranty NOTE: A letter of credit is usu. requested by a buyer of merchandise (the issuer's customer) to be issued to the seller (the beneficiary) in order to secure the payment for the merchandise. In effect the letter of credit is considered to extend a line of credit or substitute the issuer's credit for the customer's. commercial letter of credit : a letter of credit which is used to satisfy payment for merchandise and which usually requires the beneficiary to present a draft and some documentary proof (as of shipment or receipt of the merchandise) when making a demand for payment irrevocable letter of credit : a letter of credit which the issuer cannot revoke or modify without the consent of the issuer's customer or the beneficiary stan...
Letters-patent, or letters overt
Letters-patent, or letters overt [fr. liter' patentes, Lat.], writings of the sovereign, sealed with the Great Seal of England, whereby a person or public company is enabled to do acts or enjoy privileges which he or it could not do or enjoy without such authority. They are so called because they are open with the seal affixed and ready to be shown for confirmation of the authority thereby given. Peers are sometimes created by letters-patent, and letters-patent of precedence were granted to barristers. By letters-patent aliens are made denizens, and especially new inventions are protected; hence the incorporeal chattel of patent-right.A 'patent-right' is a privilege granted by the Crown to the first inventor of any new contrivance in manufactures, that he alone shall be entitled, during a limited period, to make Articles according to his own invention--Statute of Monopolies, 21 Jac. 1, c. 3.To be the subject of a patent-right an article must be material and capable of manufacture, an i...
Letters patent
Letters patent, is derived from Latin word 'literae patentes.' The letters patent are so called because 'they are open letters; they are not sealed up, but exposed to view, with the great seal pendant at the bottom; and are usually directed or addressed by the king to all his subjects at large. And therein they differ from certain other letter of the king, sealed also with the great seal, but directed to particular persons, and for particular purposes, which therefore, not being proper for public inspection, are closed up and sealed on the outside, and are thereupon called writs close, literae clause, and are recorded in the close-rolls, in the same manner as the others are in the patent-rolls.' (See Blackstones Commentaries on the Laws of England, volume II, pages 284-285), P.V. Hemlatha v. K.P.M. Saheeda, AIR 2002 SC 2445 (2457): (2002) 5 SCC 548. [Civil Procedure Code, s. 98(3)]Means letters patent are open letters; they are not sealed up, but exposed to view, with the great seal pe...
letter ruling
letter ruling : a ruling (as of a court or administrative agency) that is made in a letter (as an opinion or determination letter) ;also : determination letter at letter ...
Letter-claus
Letter-claus (liter' claus'), close letter, so called in contradistinction to letters-patent, because the former is commonly sealed up with the royal signet, or privy seal; whereas letters-patent are left open and sealed with the broad seal....
Letters of marque
Letters of marque, commissions for extraordinary reprisals for reparation to merchants taken and despoiled by strangers at sea, grantable by the Secretaries of State, with the approbation of the Sovereign and Council; and usually in time of war, etc., ex Merc. 173. The words marque and reprisal are used as synonymous terms, although the latter is, strictly, taking in return; the former passing the frontiers in order to such taking, Du Cange, tit. 'Marcha.'These letters are grantable by the law of nations, wherever the subjects of one state are oppressed and injured by those of another, and justice is denied by that state to which the oppressor belongs. In this case letters of marque and reprisal may be obtained in order to seize the bodies or goods of the subjects of the offending state, until satisfaction be made, wherever they happen to be found; and, in fact, this custom seems dictated by nature. The necessity, however, is obvious of calling in the sovereign power to determine when ...
Letters of request
Letters of request: (1) The mode of commencing an original suit in the Court of Arches, instead of proceeding in the first instance in the Consistory Court. These letters dispense with instituting a suit in an inferior ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and authorize it in the superior Court, otherwise only a Court of Appeal. The judge of the inferior Court waives his jurisdiction, which attaches to the appellate Court, without consent from the intended defendant, 1 Hagg. Eccl. R. 4, note (a).See also (English) Church Discipline Act, 1840 (3 & 4Vict. c. 86), s. 13, by which a bishop may send a case by letters of request to the Court of Appeal to the province.(2) The words 'letters of request' are used with reference to the 'request to examine witnesses in lieu of a commission,' which may be made under R.S.C., Ord. XXXVII., r. (6) (a), to the courts of foreign countries and the Colonies. It is the only method of obtaining evidence in some countries. See notes to the above rule in Annual Pract...
Comfort letter
Comfort letter, is a letter written usually by a parent company or a government to the lender giving comfort to the lender about a loan made to a subsidiary or a public entity, Chemco Leasing SpA v. Rediffusion Ltd., (19 July, 1985, unreported), [QBD (affd (1987) FTLR 021, CA.Comfort letter, may be an indication that the parties did not intend the document to hare contractual effect, as may be the absence from the document of any express words of warranty or of promise, Kleinwort Benson Ltd. v. Malaysia Mining Corpn. Bhd, (1989) 1 All ER 785....
Letter of cover
Letter of cover, a letter of cover no doubt contains a contract of insurance but it is not a policy of insurance in the common understanding of that word in the trade. It is well known that in order to obtain an insurance against the risk of fire the assured has first to send a proposal to the insurer and then the insurer takes a little time in making enquiries as to whether it would accept the proposal and undertake the obligation of covering the risk. He issues a policy only after he is satisfied that it would be a prudent business proposition to do so. Experience of trades people has however shown that some kind of protection for the interim period when the insurer is making the enquiries is necessary. This protection is given by what is called a 'letter of cover', R. Ratilal v. National Security Insurance Co. Ltd., AIR 1964 SC 1396 (1398). (Stamp Act, 1899, s. 35)...