Ionized - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: ionizedIonization
the process of converting neutral atoms or molecules into ions The process may occur by dissolving an ionic substance in a dissociating solvent such as water or by adding or subtracting an electron to or from an atom or molecule The latter process occurs for example in an electron beam in a mass spectrometer and by interaction of substances with ionizing radiation...
ionizing radiation
rays of rapidly moving subatomic particles x reys or gamma rays sufficiently energetic to cause ionization when absorbed by matter...
radioactivity
a form of instability which is a property of the atomic nuclei of certain isotopes which causes a spontaneous change in the structure of the nucleus accompanied by emission of energetic radiation The radiation emitted is usually sufficient to cause ionization in matter through which it passes and is therefore called ionizing radiation The radiation emitted by most radioactive substances is one of three types alpha rays beta rays or gamma rays Some chemical elements have no stable isotopes and these are referred to as radioactive elements and the element itself is said to possess radioactivity...
Roumlntgen ray
An X ray originally the term was applied to any of the rays produced when cathode rays strike upon surface of a solid as the wall of the vacuum tube but now it refers specifically to electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths from 10 3 nm to 10 nm immediately below ultraviolet radiation on the wavelength scale Roumlntgen rays are noted for their penetration of opaque substances as wood and flesh their action on photographic plates and their fluorescent effects They were called X rays by their discoverer W K Roumlntgen They are one of the forms of ionizing radiation which can have damaging effects on living cells They also ionize gases but cannot be reflected or polarized or deflected by a magnetic field They are used in examining opaque objects especially in medicine for visualizing organs and other objects inside the human body as for locating fractures or bullets and examining internal organs for abnormalities...
Beta rays
a form of ionizing radiation emitted by radioactive substances such as radium more penetrating than alpha rays and consisting of negatively charged electrons The electrons are the same kind of particle as those of cathode rays but have much higher velocities about 35000 to 180000 miles per second They are readily deflected by a magnetic or electric field...
carcinogenic
Causing or tending to cause cancer as the carcinogenic action of certain chemicals or of ionizing radiation...
dosimeter badge
a dosimeter cosisting of a radiation sensitive material such as film worn in a small package on a persons clothing to record the accumulated radiation exposure of the person over a period of time used to monitor the exposure of individuals such as workers in a nuclear power plant to ionizing radiation...
Ion
an atom or goup of atoms radical carrying an electrical charge It is contrasted with neutral atoms or molecules and free radicals Certain compounds such as sodium chloride are composed of complementary ions in the solid crystalline as well as in solution Others notably acids such as hydrogen chloride may occur as neutral molecules in the pure liquid or gas forms and ionize almost completely in dilute aqueous solutions In solutions as in water ions are frequently bound non covalently with the molecules of solvent and in that case are said to be solvated According to the electrolytic dissociation theory the molecules of electrolytes are divided into ions by water and other solvents An ion consists of one or more atoms and carries one unit charges of electricity 34 x 10 10 electrostatic units or a multiple of this Those which are positively electrified hydrogen and the metals are called cations negative ions hydroxyl and acidic atoms or groups are called anions...
ionize
to dissociate into ions as by dissolution in water or another polar solvent...
ionized
converted totally or partly into ions Opposite of nonionized and unionized...
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