Holding - Law Dictionary Search Results
Magna Carta
Magna Carta, [Latin 'great charter'] The English charter that King John granted to the barons in 1215 and Henry III and Edward I later confirmed. It is generally regarded as one of the great common-law documents and as the foundation of constitution liberties. The other three great charters of English Liberty are the Petition of Right (3 Car. (1628)), the Habeas Corpus Act (31 Car. 2 (1679)), and the Bill of Rights (1 Will. SM. (1689)). Also spelled Magna charta, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 963.This Great Charter is based substantially upon the Saxon Common Law, which flourished in this kingdom until the Normaninvasion consolidated the system of feudality, still the great characteristic of the principles of real property. The barons assembled at St.Edmund's Bury, in Suffolk, in the later part of the year 1214, and there solemnly swore upon the high alter to withdraw their allegiance from the Crown, and openly rebel, unless King John confirmed by a formal charter the ancient li...
Allotments
Allotments. Many (English) Acts (see chit. Stat., tit. 'Allotments') have been passed authorizing parish officers to let out to poor persons small quantities of parish land or land originally allotted under inclosure Acts for the benefit of the poor. The Small Holdings and Allotments Act, 1908 (Part II.), empowers parish, urban, borough or county councils to provide plots of land for persons belonging to the labouring population of the locality to cultivate as farms or gardens. Land for allotments may be acquired compulsorily by the above bodies (ss. 12 and 27, Land Settlement (Facilities) Act, 1919) (as amended by the 1925 Act, s. 1). This Act as amended by the Allotments Act, 1922, necessitates a six months' or longer notice to quit (but see s. 30(2) of the Act, 1908, and s. 1 of the Act of 1922), and provides, notwithstanding any agreement to the contrary, for compensation to an outgoing tenant by the landlord for growing crops, manure, improvement, etc. (s. 47 of the Act of 1908, a...
Office
Office, an employment, either judicial, municipal (see CORPORATE OFFICE), civil, military, or ecclesiastical.As to obtaining offices by desert only, the repealed 12 Ric. 2, c. 2, enacted that--The Chancellor, Treasurer, . . . the Justices of the one bench and the other, Barons of the Exchequer and all other that shall be called to ordain, name, or make justices of the peace, sheriffs, . . . or any other officer or minister of the King shall be firmly sworn that they shall not ordain name, or make justice of peace, sheriff . . . nor other officer or minister of the King for any gift or brocage, favour or affection: nor that none that pursueth by him or by other privily or openly to be in any manner of office shall be put in the same office or in any other; but that they make all such officers and ministers of the best and most lawful men, and sufficient to their estimation and knowledge.Officia magistratus non debent esse venalia, (The offices of a magistrate ought not to be saleable.)L...
Fee-simple
Fee-simple, a freehold estate of inheritance, absolute and unqualified. It stands at the head of estates as the highest in dignity and the most ample in extent; since every other kind of estate is derivable there out, and mergeable therein, for omne majus continet in se minus. It may be enjoyed not only in land, but also in advowsons, commons, estovers, and other hereditaments as well as in personalty, as an annuity or dignity, and also in an upper chamber, though the lower buildings and soil belong to another.Littleton, in his Tenures (1. i., c. 1, s. 1), gives a description of this estate, which appears to have been adopted by every subsequent writer. His language is this:-A person who holds 'in fee-simple is he which hath lands or tenements to hold to him and his heirs for ever. And it is called in Latin feodum simplex, for feodum is the same that inheritance is, and simplex is as much as to say lawful or pure. And so feodum simplex signifies a lawful or pure inheritance. For if a m...
Fixtures
Fixtures. Things of an accessory character which are not something which is part of the original struc-ture, Boswell v. Crucible Steel Co., (1925) 1 KB 119, annexed to houses or lands, which become, immediately on annexation, part of the realty itself, i.e., governed by the same law which applies to the land, in conformity with the maxim quicquid plantatur solo, solo cedit. The application of this legal principle, however, is not uniform, as may be thus shown:(1) Between landlord and tenant. If the chattels be not let into the soil, they are not fixtures at all, and may be removed at will, like any other species of personal property. When the chattel is connected with the free-hold, by being let into the earth, or by being cemented or otherwise united to some erection attached to the ground, the question arises-when may the tenant remove such fixtures?The general rule as to annexations made by a tenant during the continuance of his term is the following-Whenever he has affixed anything...
Sufferance, Tenancy at
Sufferance, Tenancy at. This is the least and lowest estate which can subsist in realty. It is in strictness not an estate, but a mere possession only it arises when a person after his right to the occupation, under a lawful title, is at an end, continues (having no title at all) in possession of the land, without the agreement or disagreement of the person in whom the right of possession resides. Thus if A is a tenant for yes, and his term expires, or is a tenant at will, and his lessor dies, and he continues in possession without the disagreement of the person who is entitled to the same, in the one and the other of these cases he said to have the possession by sufferance-that is, merely by permission or indulgence, without any right: the law esteeming it just and reasonable, and for the interest of the tenant, and also of the person entitled to the possession, to deem the occupation to be continued by the permission of the person who has the right, till it is proved that the tenant ...
Duly licensed
Duly licensed, means (a) he does not hold a licence, (b) he holds a fake licence, (c) he holds a licence but the validity thereof has expired, (d) he does not hold a licence for the type of vehicle, National Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Swaran Singh, (2004) 3 SCC 297 (Motor Vehicle Act, 1988)....
Pasture
Pasture, land on which cattle feed. See Norton on Deeds.The laying down permanent pasture with the written consent of the landlord is an improvement for which a tenant is entitled to compensation on quitting by the (English) Agricultural Holdings Act, 1923; and so is, though without any consent or notice, laying down temporary pasture with clover, grass, lucerne, sainfoin, or other seeds, sown more than two years before the termination of the tenancy. See AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS ACT.Breaking up pasture is frequently prohibited by penal rents and otherwise in agricultural leases, and s. 29 of the (English) Agricultural Holdings Act, 1923, which restricts penal rents to the actual damage done, excepts 'breaking up permanent pasture,' amongst other things, from its operation. See Rush v. Lucas, (1910) 1 Ch 437, and Aggs on Agricultural Holdings....
Married women's property
Married women's property, At Common Law, a woman, by marrying, transferred the ownership of all her property, real and personal, present and future, to her husband absolutely, so that he might sell, pay his debts out of, give away, or dispose by will of it as he pleased, with these exceptions and modifications:-1) Her freehold estate became his to manage and take the profits of during the joint lives only. After his death, leaving her surviving, it passed to her absolutely; after her death, leaving him surviving, provided that it was an estate in possession and issue who could in her it had been born during the marriage, it passed to him as 'tenant by the curtesy (q.v.) of England,' during his life, and after his death to her heir-at-law.(2) Her leasehold estate, her personal estate in expectancy, and the debts owing to her and other 'choses in action,' became his absolutely if he did some act to appropriate or reduce them into possession during the marriage, or if he survived her. If ...
Held
Held, the word 'held' means possession of legal and does not require actual connected occupation, Jilubhai Nanbhai Khadhar v. State of Gujarat, 1995 Supp (1) SCC 596; AIR 1995 SC 142.The word 'held' in s. 9 of the U.P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950 means 'lawfully held'. Judicial propriety requires that if a bench of a High Court is unable to agree with the decision already rendered by another co-ordinate bench of the same High Court, the question should be referred to a larger bench, Budhan Singh v. Nabi Bux, AIR 1970 SC 1880 (1884): (1969) 2 SCC 481: (1970) 2 SCR 10.The expression 'held' occurring in s. 9 of the U.P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950 can be construed to mean 'lawfully held'. Kailash Rai v. Jai Jai Ram, AIR 1973 SC 893 (897): (1973) 1 SCC 527: (1973) 3 SCR 411 [U.P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act (1 of 1951), s. 9]In the Unabridged Edition of The Random House Dictionary of the English Language, the word 'hold' has been inter ali...
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