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Ground Game Act

Ground Game Act, 1880 (43 & 44 Vict. c. 41), and Ground Game (Amendment) Act, 1906 (6 Edw. 7, c. 21), giving to occupiers concurrent rights with owners to kill hares and rabbits. See HARES...

Game

Game [fr. gaman, Sax.], all sorts of birds and beasts that are objects of the chase. The term is defined by the Game Act, 1831 (1 & 2 Wm. 4, c. 32), as including for the purposes of that Act 'hares, pheasants, partridges, grouse, heath or moor-game, black game, and bustards'; but some of its provisions are directed to trespass in pursuit of woodcocks, snipes, quails, land rails, and coneys.At Common Law game belongs to a tenant and not to a landlord, but leases frequently contain a reservation of the game to the landlord, and before the Game Act, 1831, the right to kill game was restricted to freeholders having 100l. a year freehold, or leaseholders having a 99 years' leasehold of 150l. a year, etc. This Act repeals the (English) Qualification Act of 22 & 23 Car. 2, c. 25, and (after giving the game to landlords in the case of leases made before the Act for less than 21 years-a provision now expired) protects reservations of game by penal provisions. The Act also requires all persons k...

Hare

Hare, a beast of warren. A hare is 'game' within the (English) Game Acts and Game Certificate Acts (see GAME); but by the (English) Hares Act, 1848 (11 & 12 Vict. c. 29), both occupier and owner may kill hares without a certificate, and by the (English) Ground Game Act, 1880 (43 & 44 Vict. c. 47), amended as to moorlands by the (English) Ground Game (Amendment) Act, 1906 (6 Edw. 7, c. 21), the occupier has, 'incident to and inseparable from his occupation' a concurrent right with any other person to kill hares and rabbits on the land occupied. Any agreement purporting to divest an occupier of this right is by s. 3 void. As to such agreements, see Stanton v. Brown, (1901) 1 KB 671; Sherrard v. Gascoigne, (1900) 2 QB 279. See Waters v. Phillips, (1910) 2 KB 465, and Aggs on Agricultural Holdings.The Hares Preservation (Ireland) Act, 1879 (42 & 43 Vict. c. 23), following 27 Geo. 3, c. 35, an act of the Irish Parliament repealed in the same year, made the period between 20th of April and 1...

Rabbit

Rabbit, also termed 'coney' in the (English) Game Act, 1831, ss. 30-32 of which render trespass in the daytime in pursuit of conies punishable on summary conviction by fine upto 2l; trespassers may be required to quit the land and to tell their names and abodes on pain of arrest on refusal, and similar trespass with violence by five or more armed persons is punishable by fine up to 5l. By the (English) Night Poaching Act, 1828, s. 1, unlawfully taking or destroying game or rabbits by night is punishable on summary conviction by imprisonment up to three months with hard labour (with increased punishments for second or third offences); and by s. 9 of the same Act, armed persons to the number of three or more unlawfully entering land for the purpose of destroying game or rabbits are punishable after conviction on indictment by penal servitude up to ten years or imprisonment with hard labour up to three years.A tenant may shoot rabbits on his farm, although the right of sporting is reserve...

Coney

Coney [fr. cuniculus, Lat.], a rabbit. See s. 31 of the (English) Game Act, 1831 (1 & 2 Wm. 4, c. 32), as to arrest of trespasser in pursuit of 'game or woodcocks, snipes, quails, landrails, or coneys,' if he refuses to quit or give his name and address; and see GAME; GROUND GAME ACT; and RABBIT....

Contract, freedom of

Contract, freedom of. Modern legislation has fre-quently interfered with freedom of contract, as, e.g., by invalidating contracts, as, e.g., by invalidat-ing contracts exempting railway companies from their liabilities as carriers of goods by the 7th s. of the Railway and Canal Traffic Act, 1854, or depriving a tenant of his right to kill hares and rabbits under the Ground Game Act,1880; and see a list of such in validations in Chitty on Contacts, 18th Edn., 778....

Lottery

Lottery, a game of chance; a distribution of prizes by lot or chance, Taylor v. Smetten, (1883) 11 QBD 207. By 10 & 11 Wm. 3, c. 17, Chitty's Statutes, tit. 'Games,' all lotteries were declared to be public nuisances, and all grants, patents, or licences for the same to be contrary to law; and the (English) Gaming Act, 1802 (42 Geo. 3, c. 119), imposes a penalty of 500l. on any person keeping any place for any lottery' not authorized by Parliament' for as lotteries were found to be a ready mode for raising money for the service of the state, they were from time to time sanctioned by Acts of Parliament passed expressly for this purpose (see 4 Geo. 4, c. 60), but by 6 Geo. 4, c. 60, they were abolished. As to what constitutes 'keeping' within the Act of 1802, see Martin v. Benjamin, (1907) 1 KB 64; but a body corporate cannot be convicted (s. 41) as rogues and vagabonds, Hawke v. Hulton, (1909) 2 KB 93.A physical lot is not essential to a lottery, Barclay v. Pearson, (1893) 2 Ch 154. In ...

Pickup

Act of picking up as in various games the fielding or hitting of a ball just after it strikes the ground...

Intoxicating liquor

Intoxicating liquor, the word 'intoxicating liquor' is not confined to potable liquor alone but would include all liquor which contain alcohol. Liquor should not only cover alcoholic liquor which is generally used for beverage purposes wand produce intoxication but would also include liquids containing alcohol, State of U.P. v. Synthetics and Chemicals Ltd., AIR 1980 SC 614: (1980) 2 SCR 531: (1980) 2 SCC 441. [Constitution of India, List II, 7th Sch., Entry 8]See also Synthetics and Chemicals Ltd. v. State of Uttar Pradesh, (1990) 1 SCC 109.Intoxicating liquors. The sale of intoxicating liquors by retail in England and Wales is now mainly regulated by the Licensing (Consolidation) Act, 1910 (10 Edw. 7 & 1 Geo. 5, c. 24), which repealed (see Sched. VII.) the whole or part of thirteen earlier Acts. The effect of this statute is shortly as follows:-1. Grant of Licence.--Defining 'intoxicating liquor' as meaning 'spirits, wine, beer, porter, cider, perry, and sweets, and any fermented, di...

Forest

Forest [fr. foresta, Ital.], an incorporeal hereditament, being the right or franchise of keeping, for the purpose of venery and hunting, the wild beasts and fowls of forest, chase, park, and warren (which means all animals pursued in field sports), in a certain teritory or precinct of woody ground and pasture set apart for the purpose, with laws and officers of its own, established for protection of the game, Manw. For. Laws.A tract of land, not necessarily wooded, reserved to king or a grantee, for hunting deer and other game, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 660.The Charta de Foresta, confirmed in Parliament, 9 Hen. 3, disafforested many forests unlawfully made. Some of the royal forests still exist, as the New Forest in Hampshire, and Windsor; they are now administered by the Commissioners of Crown Lands and Forestry Commission; see FORESTRY ACTS. A forest is, in general, a royal possession, though it is capable of being vested in a subject. A forest is a right which the owner ...

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