Foundation - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: foundationFoundation
Foundation, the founding or building of a college or hospital. The word is taken in two different senses, 'fundatio incipiens' and 'fundatio perficiens'; as to the politic capacity, the act of incorporation is metaphorically called the foundation, but as to the dotation, the first gift of the revenues is called the foundation, and he who gives it is the founder in law [Sutton's Hospital case, (1613) 10 Rep 1; 1 Bl. Com. 468].The basis on which something is supported, esp. evidence or testimony that establishes the admissibility of other evidence, Black's Law Dic-tionary, 7th Edn., p. 667.The founding or building of a college or hospital. The incorporation or endowment of a college or hospital is the foundation; and he who endows it with land or other property is the founder, Black's Law Dictionary, 4th Edn. See also Director of Income Tax v. Bharat Diamond Bourse, (2003) 1 SCC 741....
foundation
foundation 1 : a basis upon which something stands or is supported ;specif : a witness's preliminary testimony given to identify or explain evidence being offered at trial and establish its connection to the issue for which it is offered [the lack of any for the orthopedic surgeon's familiarity with the…standard of care rendered the surgeon's opinion testimony inadmissible "National Law Journal"] NOTE: Before evidence can be admitted at trial, the foundation for it must be laid by the party offering it. A foundation must also be laid for the qualification of a witness as an expert, or for the assertion of a privilege. 2 a : funds given for the permanent support of an institution : endowment b : an organization or institution established by endowment with provision for future maintenance foun·da·tion·al adj ...
private foundation
private foundation : a tax-exempt foundation operated exclusively for humanitarian (as religious, charitable, educational, or scientific) purposes whose earnings do not benefit any private individual and which does not participate in or carry on any political propaganda or campaign compare charity ...
Laying a foundation
Laying a foundation, means introducing evidence of certain facts needed to render later evidence relevant, material, or competent. For example, propounding a hypothetical question to an expert is necessary before the expert may render an opinion. Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 896....
Dean
Dean [fr. decanus, Lat.; deka, Gk., ten], an ecclesiastical governor or dignitary, so called as he is supposed to have originally presided over ten canons or prebendaries at the least. In cathedrals of the old foundation in England, the dean is the principal of the four chief dignitaries, exercising a general supervision over the other members of the capitular body, with special reference to the cure of souls. In cathedrals of the new foundation, the duties of the deans are defined by the statutes of each chapter.Considered in respect of the differences of office, deans are of six kinds:--(1) Deans of Chapters, who are either of cathedral or collegiate churches. (2) Deans of Peculiars, who have sometimes both jurisdiction and cure of souls, and sometimes jurisdiction only. (3) Rural Deans, deputies of the bishop, planted all round his diocese, the better to inspect the conduct of the parochial clergy, to inquire into and report dilapidations, and to examine the candidates for confirmat...
Minorities
Minorities, means 'groups held together by ties of common descent, language or religious faith and feeling different in these respects from the majority of the inhabitants of a given political entity, T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka, (2002) 8 SCC 481.The Constitution of India recognizes two categories of minorities, viz. religious minorities and linguistic minorities; have the fundamental right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice and to conserve the district language, scripts or culture of their own, Constitution of India, Art. 29 and 30.Minority [fr. minor, Lat.], the state of being under age--e.g., twenty-one years. also, the smaller number.The minority under article 30 of the Constitution of India mean those from a distinct and identifiable group of citizens of India, St. Stephen's College v. University of Delhi, AIR 1992 SC 1630 (1646). [Constitution of India, Article 30]The word 'minority is not defined in the Constitution but literally...
Occupation
Occupation, also is employed as referring to that which occupies time and attention; a calling; or a trade; and it is only as employed in this sense that the word is discussed in the following paragraphs.There is nothing ambiguous about the word 'occupation' as it is used in the sense of employing one's time. It is a relative term, in common use with a well-understood meaning, and very broad in its scope and significance. It is described as a generic and very comprehensive term, which includes every species of the genus, and encompasses the incidental, as well as the main, requirements of one's vocation calling, or business. The word 'occupation' is variously defined as meaning the principal business of one's life; the principal or usual business in which a man engages; that which principally takes up one's time, thought, and energies; that which occupies or engages the time and attention; that particular business, profession, trade, or calling which engages the time and efforts of an ...
Fundamental
Pertaining to the foundation or basis serving for the foundation...
Public interest
Public interest, means an act beneficial to the general public. It means action necessarily taken for public purpose, Babu Ram Verma v. State of Uttar Pradesh, (1971) All LJ 653: (1971) Serv LR 649: (1971) 2 Lab LJ 235: (1971) Lab IC 1162 (All).Means of concern or advantage to people as a whole, T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka, (2002) 8 SCC 481.Means retention of honest and efficient employees and weeding of inefficient and dishonest, Indira Saxena v. Municipal Council, 1995 Jab LJ 28.Means those interests which concern the public at large, Law Lexicon, 2nd Edn., Reprint 2000, at p. 1557). See also T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka, (2002) 8 SCC 481.Refers to cases where the interests of public adminis-tration require the retirement of a government servant who with the passage of years has pre-maturely ceased to possess the standard of efficiency, competence and utility called for by the government service to which he belongs. No stigmas or implication of misbehav...
University
University, an association of learners, and of teachers and examiners of the learners, upon whose report the association grants upon whose report the association grants titles called 'degrees' (such as 'Master of Arts,' 'Doctor of Divinity'), showing that the holders have attained some definite proficiency.The English Universities are those of Oxford, Cambridge (incorporated by 13 Eliz. c. 29, by the two names of the Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford and Cambridge respectively, with the direction that they shall be called and named by none other name for evermore), Durham, London, Victoria of Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool, Leeds, Sheffield, Bristol, and East Midland University Nottingham, the graduates of which (see University of Liverpool Act, 1904; (English) University of Leeds Act, 1904; and (English) Sheffield University Act, 1914) have equal statutory privileges and exemptions; and Reading University (see 18 & 19 Geo. 5, c. 25). There is also the Uni...
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