Federal Courts - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: federal courtsfederal courts
federal courts courts established under the U.S. Constitution. The term usually refers to courts of the federal judicial branch, which include the Supreme Court of the United States, the U.S. courts of appeals, the U.S. district courts (including U.S. bankruptcy courts), and the U.S. Court of International Trade. Congress has established other federal courts in the executive branch, such as immigration courts. Source: Federal Judicial Center ...
federal court
federal court : a court established by the federal government and having jurisdiction over questions of federal law see also Judicial System and article i and article iii of the Constitution in the back matter ...
Federal Court
Federal Court, means the Federal Court constituted under the Government of India Act, 1935. [Constitution of India, Art. 366(13)]...
jurisdiction
jurisdiction [Latin jurisdictio, from juris, genitive of jus law + dictio act of saying, from dicere to say] 1 : the power, right, or authority to interpret, apply, and declare the law (as by rendering a decision) [to be removed to the State having of the crime "U.S. Constitution art. IV"] [a court of competent ] see also situs International Shoe Co. v. Washington in the Important Cases section compare venue NOTE: Jurisdiction determines which court system should properly adjudicate a case. Questions of jurisdiction also arise regarding quasi-judicial bodies (as administrative agencies) in their decision-making capacities. ancillary jurisdiction : jurisdiction giving a court the power to adjudicate claims (as counterclaims and cross-claims) because they arise from a cause of action over which the court has original jurisdiction ;specif : supplemental jurisdiction acquired by a federal court allowing it to adjudicate claims that are based on state law but that form part of a case...
abstention
abstention : the staying of the exercise of federal jurisdiction in a case that involves a question of state law or policy which the federal court prefers to have resolved by a state court or agency Bur·ford abstention [bər-fərd-] : an abstention grounded on the involvement in the federal case of a challenge to the exercise of a usually complex state administrative function Col·o·ra·do Riv·er abstention [kÄ -lə-ra-dō-, -rÄ -] : an abstention grounded esp. on the involvement in the federal case of questions of state concern that are also at issue in a parallel case in state court Pull·man abstention [pl-mən-] : an abstention grounded on the involvement in the federal case of the interpretation of an ambiguously worded state law whose constitutionality would have to be determined by the federal court NOTE: A party to a case subjected to a Pullman abstention may reserve the right to return to federal court once the st...
question
question 1 : a particular query directed to a witness compare interrogatory hy·po·thet·i·cal question [hī-pə-the-ti-kəl] : a question directed to an expert witness (as a physician) that is based on the existence of facts offered in evidence and the answer to which is an opinion to be considered in light of the evidence NOTE: Modern rules of evidence have lessened the need for a hypothetical question setting forth all of the facts to be assumed in answering the question. An expert witness may state an opinion based on data or facts considered reliable in his or her field even if not already disclosed or not admissible as evidence. leading question : a question so framed or presented as to suggest a particular answer [leading questions should not be used on the direct examination of a witness except as may be necessary to develop his testimony "Federal Rules of Evidence Rule 611(c)"] NOTE: Leading questions are permitted in direct examination of ...
tribal court
tribal court : a court administered through self-government of an American Indian tribe esp. on a reservation and having federally prescribed jurisdiction over custody and adoption cases involving tribal children, criminal jurisdiction over offenses committed on tribal lands by members of the tribe, and broader civil jurisdiction over claims between tribe members and nonmembers NOTE: Criminal prosecutions of tribal members in tribal courts must respect constitutional rights specifically listed in the Indian Civil Rights Act, which also provides for a federal habeas corpus remedy in lieu of federal appellate review. Parties to a civil action that arguably falls within the jurisdiction of a tribal court must first exhaust remedies there before seeking adjudication in a federal court, whether they are both tribal members or not. A dispute over such jurisdiction is ultimately a federal question. ...
United States Court of Federal Claims
United States Court of Federal Claims : a federal court having nationwide trial jurisdiction over claims against the United States see also federal circuit NOTE: The claims over which this court has jurisdiction include those based on the Constitution, acts of Congress, regulations of an executive agency, contracts with the United States, actions for damages not sounding in tort, claims of American Indian groups against the United States, and certain tax cases (as claims for tax refunds). Private bills are referred to it from Congress for advisory findings as to whether there is a genuine legal or equitable claim for relief. The court does not have jurisdiction over claims for pensions or claims based on treaties with foreign nations. ...
appellate court
appellate court a court that reviews decisions of lower courts. In the federal courts, the primary appellate courts are the U.S. courts of appeals and the U.S. Supreme Court. State courts also have a court of appeals and a high appellate court (usually called the state's Supreme Court). Source: Federal Judicial Center ...
certification
certification 1 a : the act of certifying b : the state of being certified see also certiorari NOTE: Certification of an interlocutory decision by a trial court allows an appellate court to review the decision and to answer a controlling question of law. Certification is often used in state courts as well as federal courts and, where available, allows a federal court to refer a question of state law to the state's highest court. Certification is also used to refer to a judge's order that allows a suit to be maintained as a class action. 2 : a certified statement ...
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