Extrinsic Fraud - Law Dictionary Search Results
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fraud
fraud [Latin fraud- fraus] 1 a : any act, expression, omission, or concealment calculated to deceive another to his or her disadvantage ;specif : a misrepresentation or concealment with reference to some fact material to a transaction that is made with knowledge of its falsity or in reckless disregard of its truth or falsity and with the intent to deceive another and that is reasonably relied on by the other who is injured thereby b : the affirmative defense of having acted in response to a fraud 2 : the crime or tort of committing fraud [convicted of securities ] see also misrepresentation NOTE: A tort action based on fraud is also referred to as an action of deceit. actual fraud : fraud committed with the actual intent to deceive and thereby injure another called also fraud in fact compare constructive fraud in this entry collateral fraud : extrinsic fraud in this entry constructive fraud : conduct that is considered fraud under the law despite the absence of an intent to...
Deed
Deed [fr. d'd, Sax.; ded gaded, Goth.;daed, Dut.], a formal document on paper or parchment duly signed, sealed, and delivered. It is either an indenture (factum inter partes) needing an actual indentation [(English) Real Property Act, 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 106), s. 5], reproduced by the Law of Property Act, 1925, s. 56 (2), made between two or more persons in different interests, or a deed-poll (charta de una parte) made by a single person or by two or more persons having similar interests. By the (English) Law of Property Act, 1925, s. 57, a deed may be described according to the nature of the transaction, e.g., 'this lease,' 'this mortgage,' etc., or as a 'deed' and not habitually by the word 'indenture.'The requisites of a deed are these:-(1) Sufficient parties and a proper subject of assurance.(2) It must be written, engrossed, printed, or lithographed, or partly written or engrossed, and partly printed or lithographed in any character or in any language, on paper, vellum, or parchm...
Parol evidence
Parol evidence, testimony by the mouth of a witness. It is a general rule that oral evidence cannot be substituted for a written instrument, where the latter is required by law, or to give effect to a written instrument, defective in any particular essential to its validity; nor contradict, alter, or vary a written instrument, required by law, or agreed upon by the parties, as the authentic memorial of the facts which it recites. But parol evidence is admissible to defeat a written instrument on the ground of fraud, mistake, etc., or to apply it to its proper subject, or, in some instances, as ancillary to such application to explain the meaning of doubtful terms, or to rebut presumptions arising extrinsically. In these cases the parol evidence does not usurp the place of written evidence, but either shows that the instrument ought not to be allowed to operate at all, or is essential in order to give to the instrument its legal effect.The general rule with regard to the admission of pa...
Representation
Representation, by public bodies, associations or individuals ventilating individual grievances are considered by Petitions Committee of Lok Sabha. Representations in the form of letters, telegrams, copies of resolutions are treated as representation and considered by the Petitions Committee, representations relating to the proceedings in the House or conduct of member are also considered by Petitions Committee Practice and Procedures of Parliament, M.N. Kaul and S.L. Shakdher, 5th Edn., 2001, P. 964.Representation, is a description, account or state-ment of facts or arguments intended to influence action or make protest, Webster American Dictionary, p. 1235.Representation, means a statement regarding a fact, A Dictionary of Law, Willium C. Anderson, 1889, p. 882.Representation, standing in the place of another for certain purposes, as heirs, executors, or administrators. See EXECUTOR; ADMINISTRATOR; PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE; REAL REPRESENTATIVE.A presentation of fact-either by words or...
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