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Cause of action

independent proceedings, Sidramappa v. Rajashetty, (1970) 3 SCR 319: AIR 1970 SC 1059: (1970) 1 SCC 186. The expression 'cause of action' with regard to a civil matter means that it should be left to the litigant

Condition of service

Chandra Yadav, (1988) 2 SCC 351: AIR 1988 SC 876. [Cantonment Board Service Rules (1937) R. 5C] The expression 'conditions of service' is an expression of wide import. As pointed by the Supreme Court in Pradyat Kumar

Misconduct

4 SCC 54: (1992) 3 SCR 634.The word 'misconduct' is antithesis of the word 'conduct'. Thus, ordinarily the expression 'misconduct' means wrong or improper conduct, unlawful behaviour, misfeasance, wrong conduct, misdemeanour etc. There being different meaning of

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Means and includes

Means and includes, The definition which consists of two separate parts which specify what the expression means and also what it includes is obviously meant to be exhaustive. As Lord Watson observed in Dilworth

Income

Sassoon and Co. Ltd. v. Commissioner of Income Tax, AIR 1954 SC 470: (1955) 1 SCR 313. The expression 'income' in entry 54 of List I of the Seventh Schedule to the Government of India Act, 1935,

In the manufacture of goods

goods would be commercially inexpedient, goods required in that process would, in our judgment, fall with in the expression 'in the manufacture of goods, Rajasthan SEB v. Associated Stone Industries, (2000) 6 SCC 141. In the manufacture

Undertaking

of Indian Standards Institution, AIR 1976 SC 145: (1975) 2 SCC 847: (1976) 2 SCR 138. (v) The expression 'undertaking' is not defined in the Act. It finds its place in the definition of the expression 'industry'

Save with the authority of law and except by authority law

Save with the authority of law and except by authority law, there is no distinction between the expression, 'save with the authority of law' in art. 31(1) and the expression 'except by authority of law' in

Paid

Kerala and Coimbatore v. L.W. Russell, AIR 1965 SC 49. [Income Tax Act, 1922, s. 7(1)] Paid, the expression 'paid' in s. 16(2) does not contemplate actual receipt of the dividend by the member. In general, dividend

Decree

for the judgment of a Court of Equity. But by the (English) Judicature Acts, 1873 and 1875, the expression judgment, which was formerly used only in Courts of Common Law, is adopted in reference to the decisions

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