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Merger

so termed, is the destruction of a collateral thing in the subject itself out of which it is derived. 'In order that there may be a merger, the two estates which are supposed to coalesce must be … Vict. c. 106) (repealed and reproduced by the (English) Law of Property Act, 1925, s. 139), the doctrine worked great hardship in cases where the immediate reversion on a lease was a leasehold term; leaseholds, however long

National insurance

of exemption if: (a) in receipt of an income of not less than 26l. a year, which is derived otherwise than by his personal exertions: or (b) Ordinarily or mainly dependent for his livelihood upon some other … compulsory insurance of all persons of 16 years of age and upwards who are employed either as manual workers, or at a rate of remuneration not exceeding 250/. per annum gained otherwise than by manual labour. Two

Hindu

controversy amongst ideologists; but the view generally accepted by scholars appears to be that the word 'Hindu' is derived from the river Sindhu otherwise known as Indus which flows from the Punjab. 'That part of the great … and truth, a belief in ahimsa, karma, dharma, samskara, and moksha, and the practice of the way of works, the way of knowledge, or the way of devotion as the means or release from the round of

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Institutions

the chief and principal of which Actions are either real, personal, or mixed. The second is of Actions derived from the Civil Law, and such as have their foundations in Pr'torian equity. The third is of Actions … of Justinian to comprise in his Code and Digest, or Pandects, a complete body of law. But these works were not adapted to the purposes of elementary instruction, and the writings of the ancient jurists were no

Property

of a new or original design,-- (i) where the author of the design, for good consideration, executes the work for some other person, means the person for whom the design is so executed. (ii) where any person … 1963 SC 540. Property, is nothing more than the basis of a certain expectation, namely, the expectation of deriving thereafter certain advantage from a thing (which we are already said to possess) by reason of the relation

product

product 1 : the result of work or thought 2 a : the output of an industry or firm b : a thing created by … by manufacturing 3 in the civil law of Louisiana : something (as timber or a mineral) that is derived from something else and that diminishes the substance of the thing from which it is derived compare fruit

Tort

or the breach of a trust. [Limitation Act, 1963 (36 of 1963), s. 2 (m)] Tort has been derived form the Latin word 'tortus' which means 'twisted' or 'crooked'. In its original and most general sense, 'tort' … in law. In general, torts consist of some act done without just cause or excuse, Jay Laxmi Salt Works (P) Ltd. v. State of Gujarat, (1994) 4 SCC 1 (9). It means a civil wrong which is

Food

making it consumable by human beings undergoes a change of its conditions by the process of cooking, the derivative is none the less foodstuff, Welcome Hotel v. State of Andhra Pradesh, AIR 1983 SC 1015: (1983) 4 … mean nutritive material absorbed or taken into the body of an organism which serves for purposes of growth, work or repair and for the maintenance of the vital process. What human beings consume is styled as food

Compensatory tax

(2006) 7 SCC 241. Compensatory tax, is a compulsory contribution levied broadly in proportion to the special benefits derived to defray the costs of regulation or to meet the outlay incurred for some special advantage to trade, … Compensatory tax, a working test for deciding whether a tax is compensatory or not is to enquire whether the trades people are

Copyhold

verbatim in view of the importance of the subject in examining titles. In the previous edition of this work, copyhold was described as a base tenure founded upon immemorial custom and usage; its origin is undiscoverable, but … it is not absolutely necessary that the lands should continue parcel of the manor. And because this tenure derives its whole force from custom, the lands must have been demisable by copy of court roll from time

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