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Australia, Commonwealth of.

the Northern Territory, and Norfolk, Ashmore and Cantier Island in the Pacific (and see MANDATED TERRITORIES), with a Constitution enabling its Parliament, consisting of the Sovereign of the British Empire, a Senate, and a House of Representatives,

Castes or Tribes

they are included in the President's Orders issued under Articles 341 and 342 for the purpose of the Constitution. Exercising the powers vested in him, the President has issued the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 and the

Certifies

of fact may be, that would not justify the grant of a certificate under Article 134(1)(c) of the Constitution, Sunder Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh, AIR 1956 SC 411 (412): 1956 Cri LJ 801. [Constitution of

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Competent authority

as the case may be, in the case of other authorities established or constituted by or under the Constitution, (v) the administrator appointed under Article 239 of the Constitution. [Right to Information Act, 2005 (22 of 2005)

Untouchability

caste or to non-Hindus, Webster Random House Dictionary, p. 1598. Untouchability, in India it was abolished by a Constitutional provision under the fundamental rights. The Practice of untouchability in any form is forbidden, Constitution of India, Art.

Winning

was in respect of the context of the expression used in certain leases. The expression 'winning' in a constitutional provision like Art. 31A(1)(e) should be given a wider meaning as the Constitution-makers would be using it to

The service

SCR 112. [Constitution of India, Arts. 233(2), 234, 236] The expression 'the service' in Art. 233(2) of the Constitution of India means the judicial service, Chandra Mohan v. State of Uttar Pradesh, AIR 1966 SC 1287 (1994).

Taxation

India, Art. 117(1)] Taxation, no taxation without representation can be levied or collected except by authority of law, Constitution of India, Art. 265. Taxation, though the expression 'taxation', as defined in Art. 366(28), 'includes the imposition of

Intoxicating liquor

that district have become too many is transferred from the licensing justices to quarter sessions, and they are constituted the compensation authority (s. 2); but quarter sessions can exercise such power only (1) on a reference from

Tribunal

Tribunal, includes, within its ambit, all adjudicating bodies, provided they are constituted by the State and are invested with judicial, as distinguished from purely administrative or executive functions, Durga Shankar

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