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Home Dictionary Name: class rates Page: 3Tariff
Tariff [Span.], a cartel of commerce, a book of rates, a table or catalogue, drawn up usually in alphabetical order, containing the names of several kinds of merchandise, with the duties or customs to be paid for the same, as settled by authority or agreed on between the several States that hold commerce together.The Customs Tariff Act, 1876, consolidated the then Customs Duties, and some of the duties imposed by that Act are still in force.In 1932 there was a change in the fiscal policy of this country. By the Import Duties Act, 1932 (22 Geo. 5, c. 8), a general ad valorem customs duty of 10 per cent. was imposed on all imports with additional duties on special classes or descriptions of goods. But imports from Dominions were subject to special agreements and the Ottawa Agreements. The 1932 Act set up an Advisory Committee to make recommendations to the Treasury as to additional customs duties. Since this Act several further duties have been imposed. See CUSTOMS.The word 'tariff' has ...
Hereditaments
Hereditaments, every kind of property that can be inherited; i.e., not only property which a person has by descent from his ancestors, but also that which he has by purchase, because his heir can inherit it from him. The two kinds of hereditaments are corporeal, which are tangible (in fact, they mean the same thing as land), and incorporeal, which are not tangible, and are the rights and profits annexed to, or issuing out of, land. It includes money held in trust to be laid out in land [Re Gosselin, (1906) 1 Ch 120].Any property that can be inherited; anything that passes by intestacy, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 730.The enumeration of incorporeal hereditaments in Hale's Analysis (p. 48) is the following:-Rents, services, tithes, commons, and other profits in alieno solo, pensions, offices, franchises, liberties, villains, dignities. But Blackstone enumerates ten principal kinds:-Advowsons, tithes, commons, ways, offices, dignities, franchises, corodies or pensions, annuities,...
Accounts duties
Accounts duties. Duties first made payable by the (English) Customs & Inland Revenue Act, 1881 (44 & 45 Vict. C. 12), s. 38, at the same rates as the Probate Duties, upon a donatio mortis causa (q.v.); upon the gift inter vivos of a donor dying within three months; on joint property voluntarily so created and taken by survivorship; and on property taken under a voluntary settlement in which the settlor had reserved a life interest. These duties were in name superseded by the 'Estate Duty' imposed by the (English) Finance Act, 1894 (57 & 58 Vict. C. 30), the property chargeable under the (English) Customs & Inland Revenue Act, 1881, s. 38, being included in the classes of property deemed by the (English) Finance Act, 1894, to 'pass' by death and thus chargeable with the new 'Estate Duty' and the original provisions affecting gifts inter vivos, voluntary settlements, etc., have been considerably amended by subsequent legislation. See ESTATE DUTY....
Education
Education. Mr. Forster's Elementary Education Act, 1870 (English) (33 & 34 Vict. c. 75), is the starting point in the history of the provision by legislation of a general system of education. Before this date education had been dealt with either as a series of individual problems in respect of which provisions were made for the education of special classes of persons, or by executive, as opposed to legislative methods, as, for example, by a system of grants in aid. This Act was followed by a series of Acts, known collectively as the Education Acts, 1870 to 1919, which together established a system of free and compulsory elementary education of a non-denominational character. The initial Act established 'school boards' with powers of building and maintaining elementary schools and of regulating the attendance of school children between the ages of 5 and 13. The El. Ed. Act, 1876, declared 'the duty of the parent of every child to cause such child to receive efficient elementary educatio...
Loan societies
Loan societies, institutions established by the purpose of advancing money on loan to the industrial classes, and receiving back payment for the same by instalments, with interest. They are exempt from the provisions of the Money Lenders Act, 1900.By the (English) Loan Societies Act, 1840 (3 & 4 Vict. c. 110 (continued by 21 & 22 Vict. c. 19, and made perpetual by 26 & 27 Vict. c. 56), forms of proceeding of a similar nature to those prescribed in the Acts regulating savings banks and friendly societies are requisite to enable loan societies to avail themselves of this Act, and see 51 & 52 Vict. c. 41, and 59 & 60 Vict. c.25, s. 2, as to certification of Rules by the Registrar of Friendly Societies.These societies are entitled to issue debentures for money deposited with them (otherwise than by way of gift), and these as well as all other notes and instruments given in pursuance of the Act are exempted from stamp duty. They are also placed on the same footing with savings banks, in the...
Privilege
Privilege, a privilege is the opposite of a duty, and the correlative of 'no-right', Isha Valimohamad v. Haji Gulam Mohamad and Haji Dada Trust, AIR 1974 SC 2061 (2065): (1974) 2 SCC 484: (1975) 1 SCR 720. [Bombay Rents Hotels and Lodging House Rates (Control) Act, 1947 s. 51(1)(ii)]An exceptional or advantage; an exemption from some duty, or attendance, to which certain persons are entitled, from a supposition of law, that the stations they fill or the offices they are engaged in, are such as require all their care; and that, therefore, without this indulgence, it would be impracticable to execute such offices so advantageously as the public good requires.The separate privileges of either House of Parlia-ment are extensive, but they are at the same time uncertain and indefinite. Amongst those privileges are, the power of committing persons to prison; the power of publishing matters which, if not issuing from such high authority, might become the subject of proceedings in a Court of la...
Statutory trusts
Statutory trusts. for the purposes of the (English) Law of Property Act, 1925, land held upon 'statutory trusts' shall be held upon trust for sale and to stand possessed of the net proceeds of sale after payment of costs and net rents and profits until sale subject to rates, taxes, and cost of insurance, repairs, and other outgoings, upon trust for the persons entitled under the settlement, including incumbrancers of former undivided shares, or not secured by a legal mortgage, and where an undivided share was subject to a settlement and the settlement remains subsisting in respect of other property and the trustees of the settlement are not the same persons as the trustees for sale the settled portion of the proceeds of sale is to be handed over to the settlement trustees as capital money under the (English) Settled Land Act, 1925 (s. 35 of the Law of Property Act, 1925). By s. 25, (English) L.P. Act, 1925, the trustees have power to postpone the sale unless a contrary direction appear...
Vagrants
Vagrants, sturdy beggars; vagabonds.The Act which is now in force, embodying, mitigating, and extending numerous former provisions, is the (English) Vagrancy Act, 1824 (5 Geo. 4, c. 83). It has been extended by the Vagrancy Act, 1838, as to re-commitment on failure to prosecute, appeal, and exhibition of obscene prints; by the (English) Vagrant Act Amendment Act, 1873, as to gambling and betting in streets; by the Vagrancy Act, 1898, amended by the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1912, s. 7, as to men living on earnings of prostitution; and by (English) Poor Law Act, 1930, s. 150, as to obtaining relief by falsehood. It points out three classes of persons:-1st, idle and disorderly persons; 2nd, rogues and vagabonds; 3rd, incorrigible rogues.First. Idle and Disorderly Persons.-The following are, under the Vagrancy Act, 1824, s. 3, to be deemed 'idle and disorderly persons,' so that any justice of the peace may commit them (being convicted before him) to the house of correction to hard labou...
Workmen
Workmen, if a person is mainly doing supervisory work, but, incidentally or for a fraction of the time, also does some clerical work, it would have to be held that he is employed in supervisory capacity; and, conversely, if the main work done is of clerical nature, the mere fact that some supervisory duties are also carried out incidentally or as a small fraction of the work done by him will not convert his employment as a clerk into one in supervisory capacity, Ananda Bazar Patrika (P) Ltd. v. The Workmen, (1970) 3 SCC 248.Those earning their livelihood by manual labour.Workmen's Dwellings.-See HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES.As to facilities for small dwellings not exceeding a rateable value of 100l. a year see (English) Settled land Act, 1925, ss. 57, 107 and 117. See LABOURERS' DWELLINGS.Workmen (Unemployed).-The Local Government Act, 1929 (19 Geo.5, c. 17), s. 12, repealed the Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905, which established distress committees, whose functions were to ascertain con...
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