Class - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: classclass action
class action : an action in which a representative plaintiff sues or a representative defendant is sued on behalf of a class of plaintiffs or defendants who have the same interests in the litigation as their representative and whose rights or liabilities can be more efficiently determined as a group than in a series of individual suits called also class action suit class suit see also certification compare consolidate, joinder test case at case NOTE: Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure sets out the prerequisites for having an action certified as a class action in federal court. Section (a) permits a class action if “(1) the class is so numerous that joinder of all members is impracticable, (2) there are questions of law or fact common to the class, (3) the claims or defenses of the representative parties are typical of the claims or defenses of the class, and (4) the representative parties will fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class.” If th...
Backward classes
Backward classes, It is necessary to satisfy two conditions to attract clause (4) of Article 16, namely,(i) a class of citizens is backward, i.e., socially and educationally, in the sense explained in Balaji's case ([1963] Supp 1 SCR 439); and(ii) the said class is not adequately represented in the services under the State. It is held in Balaji's case that backwardness under Article 15(4) must be social and political and that social backwardness was in the ultimate analysis the result of poverty to a very large extent, Triloki Nath Tikku v. State of Jammu & Kashmir, AIR 1967 SC 1283: (1967) 2 SCR 265. [Constitution of India, Art. 16(4)]Backward classes, means socially and educationally backward classes within the territory of India, Constitution of India, Article 340.Backward classes, are classes slow in development, Webster Dictionary of Law, p. 108.Backward classes means such backward classes of citizens other than the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, as may be specified by...
Housing of the working classes
Housing of the working classes. The Housing Act, 1936 (26 Geo. 5, and 1 Edw. 8, c. 51), replaces with amendments the Housing Acts, 1925, 1930 and 1935, and consolidates the general law on the subject with some exceptions, chiefly relating to agricultural populations and needs, which are also provided for in unrepeated portions of the Acts of 1930 and 1935. Very wide powers are conferred on local authorities over the ownership of land and housing properties, and populations within their districts, enabling those authorities to make bye-laws for houses occupied or adaptable for the working classes; to effect the clearance, demolition, rebuilding, redevelopment or improvement of houses either singly or in whole areas and other-wise regulating sites or houses; to prevent over-crowding, and generally making it incumbent on these authorities to review and provide for the housing conditions of the working classes, and in addition giving powers of compulsory expropria-tion of private owners fr...
Class II service
Class II service, the words 'Class II service' in Rule 8 (2) of the Haryana Service of Engineers Class I P.W.D. (Irrigation Branch) Rules,1964 must bear the same meaning as the expression 'Class II service' as defined in Rule 2 (5). The artificial definition of 'Class II service' introduced by amendment of Rule 2 (5) in 1975 was obviously to bring persons who were not Assistant Engineers i.e. members of Class II service within the zone of consideration for purposes of promotion the post of Executive Engineer under Rule 6 (b) of Class I Rules, Ashok Gulati v. B.S. Jain, 1986 Supp SCC 597: (1987) 1 SCR 603: AIR 1987 SC 424 (431)....
suspect class
suspect class : a class of individuals marked by immutable characteristics (as of race or national origin) and entitled to equal protection of the law by means of judicial scrutiny of a classification that discriminates against or otherwise burdens or affects them [a classification that does not impact a suspect class or impinge upon a fundamental constitutional right will be upheld if it is rationally related to a legitimate government interest "Doe v. Poritz, 622 A.2d 367 (1995)"] called also protected class see also suspect classification NOTE: Suspect class and suspect classification are often used synonymously in regard to a group of persons, but suspect class does not refer to the process of classifying itself. ...
Backward class of citizens
Backward class of citizens, the expression 'backward class of citizens' in Article 16(4) means the same thing as the expression 'any socially and educationally backward class of citizens' in Article 16(4). In order to qualify for being called a 'backward class citizen' he must be a member of a socially and educationally backward class. It is social and educational backwardness of a class which is material for the purposes of both Articles 15(4) and 16(4), Janki Prasad Parimoo v. State of Jammu & Kashmir, (1973) 1 SCC 420 (433): AIR 1973 SC 930: (1973) 3 SCR 236....
class
class : a group of persons or things having characteristics in common: as a : a group of persons who have some common relationship to a person making a will and are designated to receive a gift under the will but whose identities will not be determined until sometime in the future see also class gift at gift b : a group of securities (as stocks or bonds) having similar distinguishing features (as voting rights or priority of redemption) c : a group whose members are represented in a class action d : protected class e : a group of crimes forming a category distinguished by a common characteristic (as the use of violence or the requirement for a maximum penalty)[murder is a A felony] ...
Class day
In American colleges and universities a day of the commencement season on which the senior class celebrates the completion of its course by exercises conducted by the members such as the reading of the class histories and poem the delivery of the class oration the planting of the class ivy etc...
Classes of citizens
Classes of citizens, The expression 'classes of citizens' indicates a homogeneous s. of the people who are grouped together because of certain likenesses and common traits and who are identifiable by some common attributes. The homogeneity of the class of citizens is social and educational backwardness. neither caste nor religion nor place of birth will be the uniform element of common attributes to make them a class of citizens, State of Uttar Pradesh v. Pradip Tandon, (1975) 2 SCR 761 (567): AIR 1975 SC 563 (567); (1975) 1 SCC 267. [Constitution of India, Art. 15(4)]...
Other Backward classes
Other Backward classes, means any socially and educationally Backward Classes of citizens as declared by the Government and includes other Backward classes declared by the Government of India in relation of the State of Maharashtra, Maharashtra State Public Services (Reservation for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, De-notified Tribes (Vimukta Jatis) Nomadic Tribes, Special Backward Category and Other Backward Classes) Act, 2001, s. 2(g)....
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