Civil Procedure - Law Dictionary Search Results
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party pl: parties 1 a : one (as a person, group, or entity) constituting alone or with others one of the sides of a proceeding, transaction, or agreement [the parties to a contract] [a person who signed the instrument as a to the instrument "Uniform Commercial Code"] accommodated party : a party to an instrument for whose benefit an accommodation party signs and incurs liability on the instrument : a party for whose benefit an accommodation is made accommodation party : a party who signs and thereby incurs liability on an instrument that is issued for value and given for the benefit of an accommodated party secured party : a party holding a security interest in another's property third party : a person other than the principals [insurance against injury to a third party] b : one (as an individual, firm, or corporation) that constitutes the plaintiff or defendant in an action ;also : one so involved in the prosecution or defense of a judicial or quasi-judicial proceeding as t...
Adjective law
Adjective law, is the body of rules governing procedure and practice, Black Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 42.Means the body of law in State consists of two parts, substantive and adjective law. The former prescribes those rules of civil conduct which declare the rights and duties of all who are subject to the law. The latter relates to the remedial agencies and procedure by which rights are maintained, their invasion redressed and the methods by which such results are accomplished in judicial tribunals, Edwin E. Bryant, the Law of Pleading under the Codes of Civil Procedure, p. 1 (2nd Edn., 1899)....
May
May, Prima facie the word 'may' must be given its ordinary and natural meaning. Primarily it is permissive in its meaning and until the contrary is established the word 'may' in section 6 of the Criminal (Amendment) Act could be read to mean that 'It shall be lawful'. There is nothing in the provisions of the Act, which would compel a court to give to the word 'may' in section 6 of the Act a meaning other than its ordinary meaning and to interpret it as 'shall', State v. Surajdeo Sinha, 1953 BLJR 571: 1954 Cr LJ 139: 1954 Pat 80.The word 'may' does not always import that the matter is discretionary with the court in exercising its functions. Similarly, 'shall' sometimes imports that the matter is entirely discretionary with the court in exercise of its functions, State of Uttar Pradesh v. Jogendra Singh, 1963 SC 1613; State of Uttar Pradesh v. Manbodan Lal, 1957 SC 912; Kamar Singh v. Delhi Administration, 1965 SC 971; Banwari Lal v. State of Bihar, 1961 SC 849; Narayana Rao v. State o...
Outlawry
Outlawry [fr. utlagaria, Lat.], the being put out of the law for contempt in wilfully avoiding the execution of the process of the King's Court.Outlawry has long been obsolete in civil proceedings, and is formally abolished by the Civil Procedure Acts Repeal Act, 1879 (42 & 43 Vict. c. 59), in civil proceedings. In criminal proceedings it is practically disused, but is formally kept alive by the Forfeiture Act, 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 23), which Act, while abolishing forfeiture for felony expressly provides that nothing therein shall affect the law of forfeiture consequent on outlawry; and the procedure in and for reversal of outlawry is given in Rules 88-110 of the Crown Office Rules of 1906.The maxim applicable to outlaws is, 'let them be answerable to all, and none to them.' Utlagatus est quasi extra legem positus; caput gerit lupinum. 7 Co. 14, (An outlaw is, as it were, placed outside the law; he bears the head of a wolf.) Accordingly, any person outlawed is civiliter mortuus. He c...
Defence struck off or defence struck out
Defence struck off or defence struck out, The phrase 'defence struck off' or 'defence struck out' is not unknown in the sphere of law. Indeed it finds a place on Order XI, Rule 21 of the Code of Civil Procedure: Where any party fails to comply with any order to answer interrogatories, or for discovery of inspection of documents, he shall, if a plaintiff, be liable to have his suit dismissed for want of prosecution, and, if a defendant, to have his defences, if any, struck out, and to be placed in the same position as if he had not defended, and the party interrogating or seeking discovery or inspection may apply to the Court for an order to that effect, and an order may be made accordingly, Paradise Industrial Corpn. v. M/s. Kiln Plastics Products, (1976) 1 SCC 91: AIR 1976 SC 309: (1976) 2 SCR 32. (CPC, O. 11, R. 21)...
Means
Means, the word 'means' used in O. XXXIII, R. 1, Civil Procedure Code, covers all realisable assets within the applicant's reach, Tej Dat Singh v. Yuvraj Datt, 1947 AWR (CC) 275: 1947 OA (CC) 275. (See Civil Procedure Code, 1908)Means, When a statute says that a word or phrase shall 'mean' not merely that is shall include certain things or acts, the definition is a hard-and-fast definition, and no other meaning can be assigned to the expression than is put down in definition, Punjab Land Develop and Reclamation Corpn. Ltd. v. Presiding Officer Labour Court, (1990) 3 SCC 682: (1990) 3 SCR 111....
Interpleader
Interpleader, the process whereby a person, who is or expects to be sued by two or more parties, claim-ing adversely to each other, for a debt or goods in his hands, but in which he himself has no interest, obtains relief by procuring such parties to try their rights between or amongst themselves only. Where the applicant is a sheriff, and claim is made to goods seized in execution by any other than the person against whom the execution issued, the process is called a 'sheriff's interpleader.' At one time an independent suit in Equity, called a 'bill of interpleader,' had to be brought against the two rival claimants by the person having no interest, but the Interpleader Act (1 & 2 Wm. 4, c. 58), instituted a more simple and expeditious pro-cedure, whereby the Court in which such person was sued might call the rival claimants before it, and stay the action against such person; and this Act, with its amendments under the C.L.P. Act, 1860, was incorporated, but by reference only, into th...
In forma pauperis
In forma pauperis (in the character of a pauper). Every poor person, having cause of action, was entitled by 11 Hen. 7, c. 12, which is in affirmance of the Common Law, to have writs according to the nature of the case, without paying the fees thereon, and the judges might assign him counsel and solicitor, who acted gratis. This discretionary indulgence was confined to plaintiffs at Common Law, but was extended by Courts of (English) Equity to defendants.The statute 11 Hen. 7, c. 12, is repealed by the Statute Law Revision and Civil Procedure Act, 1883, but its provisions and those of the Chancery Orders and Common Law Rules (which gave effect to it in somewhat different terms) are thrown into one code by (English) R.S.C., Ord. XVI., rr. 22-31 G., by which a person may be admitted to sue or defend as a poor person on proof that he has a reasonable cause of action or defence and that his means do not exceed 50l. his clothes, household goods, tools of trade, and the subject-matter of the...
Frauds, Statute of
Frauds, Statute of, 29 Car. 2, c. 3 (A.D. 1676). This famous statute is said to have been famed by Sir Matthew Hale, Lord Keeper Guilford, and Sir Leoline Jenkins, an eminent civilian. Lord Nottingham used to say of it, that 'every line was worth a subsidy,' and it has been said that at all events the explanation of every line has cost a subsidy, no statute having been the subject of so much litigation. The statute, though it does not apply or have any Act corresponding to it in Scotland, was practically copied by the Irish Parliament in 7 Wm. 3, c. 12, applies generally to the British colonies, and, remarks Mr. Chancellor Kent (2 Com. 494, n. (d), 'carries its influence through the whole body of American juris-prudence, and is in many respects the most comprehensive, salutary, and important legislative regulation on record affecting the security of private rights.'The main object of the statute was to take away the facilities for fraud and the temptation to perjury which arose in verb...
Entertain
Entertain, means 'file or received by the High Court' and it has no reference to the actual hearing of the application for leave to appeal; otherwise the result would be that in many cases applications for leave to appeal would be barred because the applications have not been put up for hearing before the High Court within 60 days of the order of acquittal, Lala Ram v. Hari Ram, (1969) 3 SCC 173: AIR 1970 SC 1093: (1970) 2 SCR 898.The expression 'entertain' in proviso to cl. (b) of Or. 21, r. 90,Civil Procedure Code,1908 means 'adjudicate upon' or 'proceed to consider on merits' and not 'initiation of proceeding', Hindusthan Commercial Bank Ltd. v. Punnu Sahu (1971) 3 SCC 124: AIR 1970 SC 1384. [Civil Procedure Code, 1908 (As amended by Allahabad High Court) O. 21, R. 90]Means shall not admit to consideration, Nanu Vasudevan v. Kalikarthiayaniamma, AIR 1991 Ker 233.Meaning 'institute' , Martin & Harris Ltd. v. VIth Additional Distt. Judge, (1998) 1 SCC 732.Means 'to adjudicate upon' or...
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