Capitalization - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: capitalizationCapital
Capital [fr. Capitalis; caput, Lat.]. The corpus of property of any description which may or may not be the source of a periodical or other return (fructus, produce or income). The word 'capital' when employed in Company Law is used in different senses. Nominal capital is the capital of a company so stated for the purposes of division into shares. It implies nothing more than that the company is possessed of money or assets of a stated value at the company's own valuation which may be, and often is, exaggerated or illusory. Working capital means the amount employable for the purposes of a company or any other undertaking or business. See ALTERATION OF CAPITAL, COMPANY, PROSPECTUS, DIRECTORS. In the Settled Land Act, 1925, capital money arising under the Act means capital money arising under the powers or provisions of that Act or Acts which it replaces, receivable for the purposes of a settlement and includes securities representing capital money. Elaborate provisions are contained in ...
capitalization
capitalization 1 : the act or process of capitalizing [ of earnings] 2 : a sum resulting from a process of capitalizing ;esp : paid-in capital at capital [inadequate ] 3 : total capital liabilities of a business including both equity capital and debt capital NOTE: Equity capital is considered a liability because the investors may recall some or all of it (as by redeeming stock). Inadequate capitalization of a business is considered by courts in cases dealing with equitable subordination of creditors or piercing the corporate veil. 4 : the total par value or the stated value of no-par issues of authorized capital stock ...
capitalize
capitalize -ized -iz·ing 1 a : to convert into capital [ the company's earnings] b : to treat as a capital expenditure rather than an ordinary and necessary expense [the cost of the merger must be capitalized] 2 a : to compute the present value of (an income extended over a period of time) compare amortize b : to convert (a periodic payment) into an equivalent capital sum [capitalized annuities] 3 : to supply capital for [had capitalized the business with her own savings] ...
Capital and revenue receipt
Capital and revenue receipt, distinction between revenue and capital in the law of income tax is fundamental. Tax is ordinarily not levied on capital profits; it is levied on income. It is well-settled that sale of stock-in-trade or circulating capital or rendering service in the course of trading results in a trading receipt; sale of assets which the assessee uses as fixed capital to enable him to carry on his business results in capital receipt, C.I.T. v. Maheshwari Devi Jute Mills Ltd., AIR 1965 SC 1974: (1965) 3 SCR 765: AIR 1965 SC 1974 (1976). [Income-tax Act, 1922, s. 4(1)]...
Capital gains
Capital gains, capital gains would be covered by the definition of 'income' in sub-s. (6C) of s. 2, only if they were chargeable under s. 12B. As noticed already, s. 12B as modified by the Finance Act 1949, did not charge any 'capital gains' arising between April 1, 1948, and April 1, 1957. Indeed s. 12B was not operative in these years (1948-57). During this period, 'capital gains', whether on the positive or the negative side, could not be computed and charged under s. 12B or any other provisions of the Act, Commissioner of Income-Tax (Central), Delhi v. Harprasad & Co. (P.) Ltd., (1975) 3 SCR 696: AIR 1975 SC 1282: (1975) 3 SCC 868.The goodwill generated in a newly commenced business cannot be described as an 'asset' within the terms of s. 45, and therefore its transfer is not subject to income tax under the head 'Capital gains', CIT, Bangalore v. B.C. Srinivasa Setty (1981) 2 SCR 938: (1981) 2 SCC 460: AIR 1981 SC 972.The profit realised when a capital asset is sold or exchanged, B...
Capital goods
Capital goods, include all types of properties including consumable raw material, components etc. Capital goods become capital goods when used in the manufacture of products. Every Capital asset is not capital good, C.C.E. v. Ginni Filaments Ltd., (2005) 3 SCC 378 (388).Means plant, mechiners and equipment used in trade or manufacturing of goods, [Manipur University Act, 2005, s. 2(e)]Is very wide. Capital goods can be machines, machinery, plant, equipment, apparatus, tools or appliances, Commissioner of Central Excise, Coimbatore v. Jawahar Mills Ltd., (2001) 6 SCC 274.Means--(a) machines, machinery, plant, equipment, apparatus, tools or appliances used for producing or processing of any goods or for bringing about any changes in any substance for the manufacture of final products;(b) components, spare parts and accessories of the aforesaid machines, machinery, plaint, equipment, apparatus, tools or appliances used for aforesaid purpose; and(c) moulds and dies, generating sets and wei...
Alteration of share capital
Alteration of share capital. Under the (English) Companies Act, 1929, the share capital of a company may be altered by increase (s. 53), consolidation or division, conversion of shares into stock and reconversion or cancellation of unissued capital (s. 50), or redemption of redeemable preference shares (s. 46). The alteration must be authorized by the Articles, and the memorandum modified. A company cannot make an original issue of stock (Home & Foreign Investment and Agency Co., (1912) 1 Ch 72, and subject to confirmation by the Court a company may reduce its capital by special resolution for reducing share capital and consequential alteration of the memorandum. The words 'and reduced' need not be added to the name of the company unless the Court so orders (ss. 55-60). As a rule in all these cases the alteration must be notified to the Registrar of Joint Stock Companies (s. 5), and, in the case of reduction, registered by him (s. 58)....
Circulating capital
Circulating capital, means capital employed in the trading operations of the business and the dealings with it comprise trading receipts and trading disbursements, while 'fixed capital' means capital not so employed in the business, though, it may used for the purposes of a manufacturing business, but does not constitute capital employed in the trading operations of business, Sutlej Cotton Mills Limited v. Commissioner of Income Tax, (1978) 4 SCC 358: (1979) 1 SCR 976: AIR 1979 SC 5 (9). [Income-tax Act (11 of 1922) s. 10 (1) (2)]...
Fixed capital and circulating capital
Fixed capital and circulating capital, fixed capital is something which the owner keeps in his possession but turns to profit; circulating capital, however, is turned over in the process of profit-making, Karanpura Development Co. Ltd. v. CIT, AIR 1962 SC 429 (433): 1962 3 SCR 368....
capital expenditure
capital expenditure : an amount paid out that creates a long-term benefit (as one lasting beyond the taxable year) ;esp : costs that are incurred in the acquisition or improvement of property (as capital assets) or that are otherwise chargeable to a capital account NOTE: Capital expenditures are not deductible for income tax purposes. They are generally added to the property's basis. ...
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