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Fraud

order to gain by another's loss. It is a cheating intended to got an advantage, S.P. Chengalvaraya Naidu v. Jagannath, AIR 1994 SC 853 (855): (1994) 1 SCC 1. A term used in a variety of meanings.

Marriage

Marriage. Marriage as understood in Christendom is the voluntary union for life of one man and one woman, to the exclusion of all others, Hyde v. Hyde, … of one man and one woman, to the exclusion of all others, Hyde v. Hyde, 1866 LR 1 P&D 130. Where a marriage in a foreign country complies with these requirements it is immaterial that under the

Fraud on a power

expectation of advantage to the party himself or from the ill will towards the other is immaterial, Dr. Vimla v. Delhi Administration, (1963) Supp 2 SCR 585 and Indian Bank v. Satyam Febres (India) Pvt. Ltd., (1996) … Fraud on a power. The name given to the execution of a limited power for a purpose outside its limits, either at

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Debt

executor or administrator being personally liable for any excessive expenditure. What is a strictly reasonable and necessary sum varies with the circumstances of each particular estate, and the price of the requisite Articles at the particular place. … Debt [fr. debitum, Lat.], a sum of money due from one person to another. An action of debt lay where a person claimed the recovery of a liquidated or certain

Tenant

determination of the tenancy continued to have an estate on the tenanted premises, which are heritable, Kasturi Lal v. Brimlal, 1986 Sim LJ 86. Tenant, includes a sub-tenant and self-cultivating lessee, but shall not include a present … 'statutory tenants' as even after the determination of the tenancy continued to have an estate on the tenanted premises, which are heritable, Kasturi Lal v. Brimlal, 1986 Sim LJ 86. Tenant, includes a sub-tenant and self-cultivating lessee,

Libel

and is published without lawful justification or excuse, is a libel whatever the intention may have been', O'Brien v. Clement, (1846) 15 M & W 435, per Parke, B. A statement in a talking film is a … Libel [fr. libellus, Lat.; libelle, Fr.]. False defamatory words, if written and published, constitute a libel: Odgers on libel, p. 1. 'Everything printed or written, which reflects on the character of

Passing off

usually dealing with one to accept the other if offered to him, it is enough, National Match Works v. S.T. Karuppanna Nadar, AIR 1979 Mad 157. An infringement action is available where there is violation of specific … Passing off, in action for passing off pray of actual deception is not necessary two marks bear an ovrall

Undue influence

that the person acting under that influence may be held not to have exercised his free and independent volition in regard to the act. As to gifts, see title SPIRITUALISM and Lyon v. Home, (1868) LR 6 … Undue influence, Any influence, pressure, or domination in such circumstances that the person acting under that influence may be held not to have

Assignment

(37 of 2000), s. 2(b)] 'Assignment' means the transfer of the claim, right or property to another, C.G.T. v. Ms Getti Chettiar, (1971) 2 SCC 741: AIR 1971 SC 2410 (2413). [Gift-tax Act, 1958 s. 2(XXIV)] A … Assignment, 'assignment' means an assignment in writing by act of the parties concerned. [Semiconductor Integrated Circuits Layout-Design Act, (37 of 2000), s. 2(b)] 'Assignment' means the transfer of the claim,

Frauds, Statute of

the statute was to take away the facilities for fraud and the temptation to perjury which arose in verbal obligations, the proof of which depended upon unwritten evidence. The greater part of the Statute of Frauds has … litigation. The statute, though it does not apply or have any Act corresponding to it in Scotland, was practically copied by the Irish Parliament in 7 Wm. 3, c. 12, applies generally to the British colonies, and,

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