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Sale of Goods Act, 1893

Sale of Goods Act, 1893 (English) (56 & 57 Vict. c. 71), codifying the law of the sale of goods, in the same fashion as the law of bills of exchange, promissory notes, and cheques was codified (see CODE) by the Bills of Exchange Act, 1882, and the law of partnership by the (English) Partnership Act, 1890.The parts of the Act are:-I. Formation of the Contact, in which it is provided, amongst other things, that an infant or person by mental incapacity or drunkenness incompetentto contract must pay a reasonable price for 'necessaries' sold and delivered to him; that (re-enacting a part of the Statute of Frauds) a contract for the sale of goods of the value of 10l. or more is not enforceable unless the buyer accept and receive part, or give something in earnest to bind the contract, or 'unless some note or memorandum in writing of the contract be made and signed by the party to be charged or his agent in that behalf'; that a contract for the sale of specific goods which have perished witho...


Deed

Deed [fr. d'd, Sax.; ded gaded, Goth.;daed, Dut.], a formal document on paper or parchment duly signed, sealed, and delivered. It is either an indenture (factum inter partes) needing an actual indentation [(English) Real Property Act, 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 106), s. 5], reproduced by the Law of Property Act, 1925, s. 56 (2), made between two or more persons in different interests, or a deed-poll (charta de una parte) made by a single person or by two or more persons having similar interests. By the (English) Law of Property Act, 1925, s. 57, a deed may be described according to the nature of the transaction, e.g., 'this lease,' 'this mortgage,' etc., or as a 'deed' and not habitually by the word 'indenture.'The requisites of a deed are these:-(1) Sufficient parties and a proper subject of assurance.(2) It must be written, engrossed, printed, or lithographed, or partly written or engrossed, and partly printed or lithographed in any character or in any language, on paper, vellum, or parchm...


Cartel

Cartel [fr. Cartella, It., pasteboard], a piece of pasteboard with some inscription on it, hung up in some place, and to be removed, Floria's Dict., voce 'Cartella.' Hence a written challenge openly hung up; afterwards any written challenge. See CHARTEL.An agreement between or conventional grouping of producers of raw materials or goods.The cartel is an association of producers who by agreement among themselves to control production, sale and prices of the product to obtain a monopoly in any particular industry or commodity. Analysing the object of formation of a cartel in other words, it amounts to an unfair trade practice which is not in the public interest. The intention to acquire monopoly power can be spelt from formation of such a cartel by some of the producers, Union of India v. Hindustan Development Corpn., (1993) 3 SCC 499: AIR 1984 SC 988 (1008). [Constitution of India, Arts. 299, 14, 19]'Cartel' includes an association of producers, sellers, distributors, traders or service...


Generale tantum valet in generalibus quantum singulare in singulis

Generale tantum valet in generalibus quantum singulare in singulis [Lat.], what is general prevails as much amongst things general as what is particular amongst things particular...


Just and equitable

Just and equitable, are a recognition of the fact that a limited company is more than a mere legal entity with a personality in law of its own: that there is room in company law for recognition of the fact that behind it, or amongst it, there are individuals, with rights, expectation and obligation inter se which are not necessarily submerged in the company structure. A. Company H.L.(E) (in re:), (1999) 1 WLR 1092.Just and equitable, the principle of 'just and equitable' clause baffles a precise definition. It must rest with the judicial discretion of the court depending upon the facts and circumstances of each case. These are necessarily equitable considerations and may, in a given case, be super imposed on law. Whether it would be so done in a particular case cannot be put in the straitjacket of an inflexible formula, Hind Overseas Private Limited v. Raghunath Prasad Jhunljunwalla, AIR 1976 SC 565 (574): (1976) 3 SCC 259: (1976) 2 SCR 226.The words 'just and equitable' which occur in...


Unspecified specialists posts and unspecified posts

Unspecified specialists posts and unspecified posts, when a post from amongst unspecified Specialists' posts is converted to a specified post which means specified in the speciality in which a need has been felt from amongst those in the Specialists' grade belonging to that speciality and in order of their inter se seniority a promotion could be given, Dr. N.C. Singhal v. Union of India, AIR 1980 SC 1255 (1260): (1980) 3 SCC 44: (1980) 3 SCR 29....


per stirpes

per stirpes [Latin, by familial stocks] : by right of representation [the estate was divided per stirpes] used of a method of distributing an esp. intestate estate compare per capita NOTE: Per stirpes distribution provides for division of an estate equally among the members of the group of descendants having a particular degree of kinship (as children), with the issue (that is, the offspring) of a deceased member of that group representing the deceased member, taking the deceased member's share, and dividing it equally among themselves. For example, if a decedent had three children, one of whom had already died leaving issue, the estate would be divided into thirds, with each living child receiving a one-third share, and the issue of the deceased child dividing a one-third share equally amongst themselves. ...


Mongst

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Abatement

Abatement, a making less:-(1) Abatement of Freehold.-The title of a real action which has been abolished. This takes place where a person dies seised of an inheritance, and before the heir or devisee enters, a stranger, having no right, makes a wrongful entry and gets possession of it. Such an entry is technically called an abatement, and the stranger an abater. It is, in fact, a figurative expression, denoting that the rightful possession or freehold of the heir or devisee is overthrown by the unlawful intervention of a stranger. Abatement differs from intrusion, in that it is always to the prejudice of the heir or immediate devisee, whereas the latter is to the prejudice of the reversioner or remainder man: and disseisin differs from them both, for to disseise is to put forcibly or fraudulently a person seised of the freehold out of possession, Co. Litt. 277a.(2) Abatement of Nuisances.-A remedy allowed by law to a person injured by a nuisance to remove or put an end to it by his own...


Adoption

Adoption, an act by which a person adopts as his own the child of another. Until recently there was no law of adoption in this country though it exists in other countries, as France and Germany, where the civil law (as to which, see Sand. Just.) prevails to any great extent. In 1889 and 1890, Lord Meath introduced Bills in the House of Lords to legalize adoption.By the (English) Adoption of Children Act, 1926 (16 & 17 Geo. 5, c. 29), after the 31st December, 1925, the Court (usually in the Chancery Division) may authorize the adoption of an infant who is under twenty-one years of age, a British subject, and resident in England and Wales, by an applicant who is more than twenty-five years of age, and also twenty-one years older than the infant, unless closely related, and a British subject, resident and domiciled in England or Wales, but a single adopter, only, will be authorized unless two spouses jointly apply. A male may not adopt a female infant unless the court finds special reason...


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