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Was due

accordance with the provision in s. 45 and 46, Champa Kumari Singhi v. Member, Board of Revenue, AIR 1970 SC 1108: (1970) 1 SCC 104: (1970) 3 SCR 467.

Turnover

for deferred payment or for other valuable consideration, Joint Commercial Tax Officer v. Young Men's Association (Regd.), AIR 1970 SC 1212 (1215): (1970) 1 SCC 462: (1970) 3 SCR 680. Turnover means an aggregate amount for which

State

State' for the purpose of Article 131 of the Constitution, State of Bihar v. Union of India, AIR 1970 SC 1446: (1970) 2 SCR 522: (1970) 1 SCC 67. (Constitution of India, Art. 131) Though the definition

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Retrospective

respect of acts done before the Constitution came into force, Rabindra Nath Bose v. Union of India, AIR 1970 SC 470: (1970) 1 SCC 84: (1970) 2 SCR 697. Retrospective, is somewhat ambiguous and that good deal

Person

includes a foreigner. [National Security Act, 1980 (65 of 1980), s. 2(d)] It includes the Government. [Patents Act, 1970 (31 of 1970), s. 2(1)(s)] The General Clauses Act, 1897 defines that 'person shall include any company or

Natural justice

held and the constitution of the Tribunal pointed for the purpose, A.K. Kraipak v. Union of India, AIR 1970 SC 150: (1969) 2 SCC 262. Historically, 'natural justice' has been used in a way 'which implies the

Lands on which they stand

purpose for which it is intended to be used, Kanpur Sugar Works Ltd. v. State of Bihar, AIR 1970 SC 1539 (1541): (1970) 1 SCC 628: (1970) 3 SCR 903.

Invention

an allied invention'. [s. 2(8) of 1911 Act.] It is to be noted that unlike the Patents Act, 1970, the Act of 1911 does not specify the requirement of being useful in the definition of 'invention'. But

Right of private defence

this right is basically preventive and not punitive, Gottipulla Venkata Siva Subbrayanam v. State of Andhra Pradesh, AIR 1970 SC 1079 (1087): (1970) 1 SCC 235: (1970) 3 SCR 423. (Penal Code, 1960, 97) The right of

Fractus augent h'reditatem

a fracture within the meaning of Clause 7 of s. 320, Hori Lal v. State of U.P., AIR 1970 SC 1969: (1970) 1SCC 8: (1970) 2 SCR 429.

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