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Grutter Vs. Bollinger
Cites for this judgment
- US Supreme Court
- Jun 23, 2003
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U.S. 306 (2003) October Term, 2002 Syllabus Grutter V. BollingerSearch
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admissions policy that seeks to achieve student body diversity through compliance with Regents of Univ. of Gal. v. BakkeSearch
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racial classifications must be analyzed by a reviewing court under strict scrutiny. Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. PenaSearch
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does not violate the Equal Protection Clause so long as it is narrowly tailored to further that interest. E. g., Shaw v. HuntSearch
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U. S. 899 , 908. Context matters when reviewing such action. See Gomillion v. LightfootSearch
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and in particular, law schools, represent the training ground for a large number of the Nation's leaders, Sweatt v. PainterSearch
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variable. Gratz v. BollingerSearch
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or fulfilling a commitment to provide educational opportunities to members of all racial groups. See, e. g., Wygant v. JacksonSearch
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General Building Contractors Assn., Inc. v. PennsylvaniaSearch
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of Vermont, Iver A. Stridiron of the Virgin Islands, Christine Q Gregoire of Washington, Darrell V. McGrawSearch
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for the Harvard Black Law Students Association et al. by George W Jones, Jr., William J. Jefferson, Theodore V. WellsSearch
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with this Court's most recent ruling on the use of race in university admissions. See Regents of Univ. of Gal. v. BakkeSearch
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clearly has standing to bring this lawsuit. Northeastern Fla. Chapter, Associated Gen. Contractors of America v. JacksonvilleSearch
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diversity constituted the controlling rationale for the judgment of this Court under the analysis set forth in Marks v. UnitedSearch
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the narrowly tailored use of race in selecting applicants for admission to public universities. Compare Hopwood v. TexasSearch
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F.3d 932 (CA5 1996) (Hopwood I) (holding that diversity is not a compelling state interest), with Smith v. UniversitySearch
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Id., at 313 (quoting Keyishian v. BoardSearch
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Nichols v. UnitedSearch
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States, 511 U. S. 738 , 745-746 (1994). Compare, e. g., Johnson v. BoardSearch
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Hopwood v. TexasSearch
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Hopwood I, 78 F.3d 932 (CA5 1996) (same), with Smith v. UniversitySearch
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Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. PenaSearch
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Context matters when reviewing race-based governmental action under the Equal Protection Clause. See Gomillion v. LightfootSearch
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In Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. PenaSearch
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to a university's academic decisions, within constitutionally prescribed limits. See Regents of Univ. of Mich. v. EwingSearch
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Board of Curators of Univ. of Mo. 329 v. HorowitzSearch
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the university environment, universities occupy a special niche in our constitutional tradition. See, e. g., Wieman v. UpdegraffSearch
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Sweezy v. NewSearch
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Keyishian v. BoardSearch
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U. S., at 313 (quoting Keyishian v. BoardSearch
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with a fundamental role in maintaining the fabric of society. Plyler v. DoeSearch
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Brown v. BoardSearch
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and in particular, law schools, represent the training ground for a large number of our N ation's leaders. Sweatt v. PainterSearch
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See Sweatt v. PainterSearch
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Johnson v. TransportationSearch
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variable. Unlike the program at issue in Gratz v. BollingerSearch
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excellence or fulfilling a commitment to provide educational opportunities to members of all racial groups. See Wygant v. JacksonSearch
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Wygant v. JacksonSearch
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Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCCSearch
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Palmore v. Si-Search
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