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Lapides Vs. Board of Regents of Univ. System of GA.

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  • US Supreme Court
  • Feb 25, 2002

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  1. United States Vs. Shaw US Supreme Court · Mar 25, 1940
  2. WisconsIn Dept. of Corrections Vs. Schacht US Supreme Court · Jun 22, 1998
  3. Regents of Univ. of Cal. Vs. Doe US Supreme Court · Feb 19, 1997
  4. Lapides v. Board
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  5. of Regents of Univ. System of Ga. - 535 U.S. 613 (2002) OCTOBER TERM, 2001 Syllabus LAPIDES v. BOARD
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  6. federal court. pp. 617-624. (a) Because this case does not present a valid federal claim against Georgia, see Will v. Michigan
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  7. that a State's voluntary appearance in federal court amounts to a waiver of its Eleventh Amendment immunity, Clark v. Barnard
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  8. Gardner v. New
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  9. Gunter v. Atlantic
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  10. and has often cited with approval the cases embodying that principle, see, e. g., College Savings Bank v. Florida
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  11. n. 3. Here, Georgia was brought involuntarily into the case as a defendant in state 614 614 LAPIDES v. BOARD
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  12. States to achieve unfair tactical advantages, if not in this case, then in others, see Wisconsin Dept. of Corrections v. Schacht
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  13. state law does not authorize its attorney general to waive Eleventh Amendment immunity and because, in Ford Motor Co. v. Department
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  14. of Oklahoma, D. Michael Fisher of Pennsylvania, Paul G. Summers of Ten- 616 616 LAPIDES v. BOARD
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  15. from suit in federal court by citizens of other States, U. S. Const., Amdt. 11, and by its own citizens as well, Hans v. Louisiana
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  16. case from state to federal court, the State had waived its Eleventh Amendment immunity. See Atascadero State Hospital v. Scanlon
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  17. The State appealed the District Court's Eleventh Amendment ruling. See Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority v. Metcalf
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  18. And, that being so, the State retained the legal right to assert its immunity, even after removal. See Ford Motor Co. v. Department
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  19. claim for money damages might be asserted. Will v. Michigan
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  20. federal claim against the State. Nor need we address the scope of waiver by removal in a 618 618 LAPIDES v. BOARD
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  21. question, ordinarily a matter of discretion, to the Federal District Court for decision in the first instance. Moor v. County
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  22. just described. And, in light of differences of view among the lower courts, we shall do so. Compare McLaughlin v. Board
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  23. and Newfield House, Inc. v. Massachusetts
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  24. with Estate of Porter ex rel. Nelson v. Illinois
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  25. Silver v. Baggiano
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  26. and Gwinn Area Community Schools v. Michigan
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  27. by citizens of another State, U. S. Const., Arndt. 11, and (as interpreted) by its own citizens. Hans v. Louisiana
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  28. that a State's voluntary appearance in federal court amounted to a waiver of its Eleventh Amendment immunity. Clark v. Barnard
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  29. that it voluntarily files in federal court. Gardner v. New
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  30. of the law as valid, often citing with approval the cases embodying that principle. See, e. g., College Savings Bank v. Florida
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  31. Employees of Dept. of Public Health and Welfare of Mo. v. Department
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  32. Petty v. Tennessee-Missouri
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  33. Bridge Comm'n, 359 U. S. 275 , 276 (1959) (citing Clark). 620 620 LAPIDES v. BOARD
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  34. Chicago, R.1. & P. R. Co. v. Martin
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  35. to achieve litigation advantages. See Wisconsin Dept. of Corrections v. Schacht
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  36. with the generous interlocutory appeal provisions available in federal, but not in state, court. Compare Mitchell v. Forsyth
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  37. S. 511 , 524-530 (1985) (authorizing interlocutory appeal of adverse qualified immunity determination), with Turner v. Giles
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  38. hopes. Motives are difficult to evaluate, while jurisdictional rules should be clear. See Hanover Star Milling Co. v. Metcalf
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  39. e), (f), reprinted in 2 Ga. Code 622 622 LAPIDES v. BOARD
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  40. the Eleventh Amendment waiver rules are different when a State's federal-court participation is involuntary. See Hans v. Louisiana
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  41. contexts, in which such matters are questions of federal 623 law, cf., e. g., Regents of Univ. of Cal. v. Doe
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  42. voluntarily without giving up immunity or to assert immunity despite a previous effort to waive. See United States v. United
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  43. see also Oklahoma Tax Comm'n v. Citizen
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  44. to avoid accidental waivers. But we believe the rule is a clear one, easily applied by both 624 624 LAPIDES v. BOARD
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  45. Syllabus Lapides V. Board
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  46. Will v. Michigan
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  47. Clark v. Barnard
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  48. College Savings Bank v. Florida
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  49. Ford Motor Co. v. Department
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  50. Hans v. Louisiana
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