Skip to content
Back to judgment

Citation network

Apprendi Vs. New Jersey

Cites for this judgment

  • US Supreme Court
  • Jun 26, 2000

Citation network · 7-day free trial

Brief every cited case in minutes

Open an 18-section AI Brief on any citation below, ask scoped follow-ups, and find related precedents with Semantic Search. Full trial - no card required.

  • 18-section brief - facts, issues, ratio, relief
  • Ask this case - answers cite the judgment
  • Semantic search - find precedents by meaning
  • Research drawer - sections, cites, related cases

No card required · credentials emailed · Log in if you already have an account

77 entries 5 linked 72 unlinked
Show
  1. Sandstrom Vs. Montana US Supreme Court · Jun 18, 1979
  2. United States Vs. Gaudin US Supreme Court · Jun 19, 1995
  3. Mullaney Vs. Wilbur US Supreme Court · Jun 09, 1975
  4. United States Vs. Tucker US Supreme Court · Jan 11, 1972
  5. United States Vs. Reese US Supreme Court · Jan 01, 1875
  6. Apprendi v. New
    Search
  7. Jersey - 530 U.S. 466 (2000) October Term, 1999 Syllabus Apprendi V. New
    Search
  8. given that it exceeds the lO-year maximum for the offense charged-was foreshadowed by the holding in Jones v. United
    Search
  9. such discretion is bound by the range of sentencing options prescribed by the legislature. See, e. g., United States v. Tucker
    Search
  10. he could receive if punished according to the facts reflected in the jury verdict alone. Pp.476-485. (c) McMillan v. Pennsylvania
    Search
  11. to greater or additional punishment may raise serious constitutional concerns, id., at 88. Almendarez-Torres v. United
    Search
  12. Jersey upheld the enhanced sentence. 304 N. J. Super. 147,698 A. 2d 1265 (1997). Relying on our decision in McMillan v. Pennsylvania
    Search
  13. of allowing penaltyenhancing findings to be determined by a judge by a preponderance of the evidence, Jones v. United
    Search
  14. essential to our holding. Turning then, as the appeals court had, to McMillan, as well as to Almendarez-Torres v. United
    Search
  15. by, for example, relying on a presumption rather than evidence to establish an element of an offense, cf. Mullaney v. Wilbur
    Search
  16. of traditional crimes, Patterson v. New
    Search
  17. on a jury finding that the defendant had intentionally selected his victim because of the victim's race. Wisconsin v. Mitchell
    Search
  18. a reasonable doubt is starkly presented. Our answer to that question was foreshadowed by our opinion in Jones v. United
    Search
  19. see also Sullivan v. Louisiana
    Search
  20. Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England 343 (1769) (hereinafter Blackstone) (emphasis added). See also Duncan v. Louisiana
    Search
  21. Amendment requires the States to provide to persons accused of crime encompasses the right to a trial by jury, Duncan v. Louisiana
    Search
  22. that was implicated in our recent decision in Almendarez-Torres v. United
    Search
  23. he judg- 5 As we suggested in Jones v. United
    Search
  24. of this nature in imposing sentence within statutory limits in the individual case. See, e. g., Williams v. New
    Search
  25. that discretion was bound by the range of sentencing options prescribed by the legislature. See, e. g., United States v. Tucker
    Search
  26. Almendarez-Torres, 523 U. S., at 251 (SCALIA, J., dissenting). This was a primary lesson of Mullaney v. Wilbur
    Search
  27. U. S., at 698.12 IV It was in McMillan v. Pennsylvania
    Search
  28. challenge to the State's Man- 12 Contrary to the principal dissent's suggestion, post, at 530-532, Patterson v. New
    Search
  29. Id., at 87-88.13 Finally, as we made plain in Jones last Term, AlmendarezTorres v. United
    Search
  30. beyond the maximum of the statutory range.14 14 The principal dissent's contention that our decision in Monge v. California
    Search
  31. requirement at issue. The rule was succinctly stated by Justice Clifford in his separate opinion in United States v. Reese
    Search
  32. Steel v. Smith
    Search
  33. of the constitutional rule ex- of exposing all who are convicted to the maximum sentence it provides. Patterson v. New
    Search
  34. Finally, the principal dissent ignores the distinction the Court has often recognized, see, e. g., Martin v. Ohio
    Search
  35. interpretation of the state statute, see Wisconsin v. Mitchell
    Search
  36. defendant guilty of a capital crime, to find specific aggravating factors before imposing a sentence of death. Walton v. Arizona
    Search
  37. We therefore express no view on the subject beyond what this Court has already held. See, e. g., Edwards v. United
    Search
  38. With the exception of the Grand Jury Clause, see Hurtado v. California
    Search
  39. U. S. 516 , 538 (1884), the Court has held that these protections apply in state prosecutions, Herring v. New
    Search
  40. to know which facts are elements. This question became more complicated following the Court's decision in McMillan v. Pennsylvania
    Search
  41. to which elements are subject. JUSTICE O'CONNOR'S dissent, in agreement with McMillan and Almendarez-Torres v. United
    Search
  42. which produced the leading cases in the antebellum years, applied this rule as early as 1804, in Commonwealth v. Smith
    Search
  43. The understanding implicit in Smith was explained in Hope v. Commonwealth
    Search
  44. The statute was structured similarly to the statutes that we addressed in Jones v. United
    Search
  45. States, 526 U. S. 227 , 230 (1999), and, even more, Castillo v. United
    Search
  46. Larned v. Commonwealth
    Search
  47. a fact was not the basis for punishment, that fact was, for that reason, not an element. Thus, in Commonwealth v. McDonald
    Search
  48. Mass., at 367. See Commonwealth v. Burke
    Search
  49. error where value was not proved to jury). Similar reasoning was employed by the Wisconsin Supreme Court in Lacy v. State
    Search
  50. federal courts in this period took the same approach to determining which facts are elements of a crime. See Ritchey v. State
    Search

AI Briefs · Semantic Search · Save & annotate judgments

Start your 7-day free trial