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Indianapolis Vs. Edmond
Cites for this judgment
- US Supreme Court
- Nov 28, 2000
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U.S. 32 (2000) October Term, 2000 Syllabus City of Indianapolis Et Al. V. EdmondSearch
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has upheld brief, suspicionless seizures at a fixed checkpoint designed to intercept illegal aliens, United States v. Martinez-FuerteSearch
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S. 543 , and at a sobriety checkpoint aimed at removing drunk drivers from the road, Michigan Dept. of State Police v. SitzSearch
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to verify drivers' licenses and registrations would be permissible to serve a highway safety interest. Delaware v. ProuseSearch
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similar to that in Sitz, or merely likened to the antismuggling purpose in MartinezFuerte. Neither Whren v. UnitedSearch
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States, 517 U. S. 806 , nor Bond v. UnitedSearch
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JUSTICE O'CONNOR delivered the opinion of the Court. In Michigan Dept. of State Police v. SitzSearch
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U. S. 444 (1990), and United States v. Martinez-FuerteSearch
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Edmond v. GoldsmithSearch
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the Fourth Amendment. Edmond v. GoldsmithSearch
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A search or seizure is ordinarily unreasonable in the absence of individualized suspicion of wrongdoing. Chandler v. MillerSearch
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See, e. g., Vernonia School Dist. J,7J v. ActonSearch
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Treasury Employees v. VonSearch
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Skinner v. RailwaySearch
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particularized suspicion of misconduct, provided that those searches are appropriately limited. See, e. g., New York v. BurgerSearch
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Camara v. MunicipalSearch
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supra, and at a sobriety checkpoint aimed at removing drunk drivers from the road, Michigan Dept. of State Police v. SitzSearch
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U. S. 444 (1990). In addition, in Delaware v. ProuseSearch
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earlier cases addressing the constitutionality of other Border Patrol traffic-checking operations. See United States v. OrtizSearch
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Almeida-Sanchez v. UnitedSearch
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to police the border were a significant factor in our Martinez-Fuerte decision. For example, in United States v. MontoyaSearch
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exterior of each car at the Indianapolis checkpoints does not transform the seizure into a search. See United States v. PlaceSearch
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Ibid. Cf. United States v. TurpinSearch
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that our prior cases preclude an inquiry into the purposes of the checkpoint program. For example, they cite Whren v. UnitedSearch
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States, 517 U. S. 806 (1996), and Bond v. UnitedSearch
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the validity of searches conducted in the absence of probable cause. See id., at 811-812 (distinguishing Florida v. WellsSearch
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Accordingly, Whren does not preclude an inquiry into programmatic purpose in such contexts. Cf. Chandler v. MillerSearch
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quoting Terry v. OhioSearch
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Michigan v. ClifSearch
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Brown v. TexasSearch
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from one of the consolidated cases indicated that the stops lasted between three and five minutes. See United States v. MartinezFuerteSearch
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of officers in the field could result in unlimited interference with motorists' use of the highways. Cf. United States v. Brignoni-PonceSearch
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were found in 0.12 percent of the stopped vehicles. See 428 U. S., at 554. In Michigan Dept. of State Police v. SitzSearch
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s use of a highway sobriety checkpoint after applying the framework set out in Martinez-Fuerte, supra, and Brown v. TexasSearch
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the use of roadblocks to check for driver's licenses and vehicle registrations was expressly recognized in Delaware v. ProuseSearch
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interests cannot be seriously disputed, as the 49 people arrested for offenses unrelated to drugs can attest. Edmond v. GoldsmithSearch
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these roadblock seizures, it is constitutionally irrelevant that petitioners also hoped to interdict drugs. In Whren v. UnitedSearch
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have upheld roadblocks that check for driver's licenses and vehicle registrations. See, e. g., United States v. Galindo-GonzalesSearch
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United States v. McFaydenSearch
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of those responsible for it, be it police officers or members of a city council, are irrelevant. Cf. Scott v. UnitedSearch
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objective effect of the State's actions on the privacy of the individual that animates the Fourth Amendment. See Bond v. UnitedSearch
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analysis.4 With these checkpoints serving two important state interests, the remaining prongs of the Brown v. TexasSearch
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been applied to seizures of automobiles. 53 pose anything other than the contraband items. United States v. PlaceSearch
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