Skip to content
Back to judgment

Citation network

Almendarez-torres Vs. United States

Cites for this judgment

  • US Supreme Court
  • Oct 14, 1997

Citation network · 7-day free trial

Brief every cited case in minutes

Open an 18-section AI Brief on any citation below, ask scoped follow-ups, and find related precedents with Semantic Search. Full trial - no card required.

  • 18-section brief - facts, issues, ratio, relief
  • Ask this case - answers cite the judgment
  • Semantic search - find precedents by meaning
  • Research drawer - sections, cites, related cases

No card required · credentials emailed · Log in if you already have an account

74 entries 3 linked 71 unlinked
Show
  1. Mullaney Vs. Wilbur US Supreme Court · Jun 09, 1975
  2. United States Vs. Brewer US Supreme Court · Mar 23, 1891
  3. Rust Vs. Sullivan US Supreme Court · May 23, 1991
    Relied / Followed
  4. Almendarez-Torres v. United
    Search
  5. States - 523 U.S. 224 (1997) October Term, 1997 Syllabus Almendarez-Torres V. United
    Search
  6. the indictment. Pp. 228-248. (a) An indictment must set forth each element of the crime that it charges, Hamling v. United
    Search
  7. factors relevant only to the sentencing of an offender found guilty of the charged crime. Within limits, see McMillan v. Pennsylvania
    Search
  8. U. S. 79 , 84-91, the question of which factors are which is normally a matter for Congress. See Staples v. United
    Search
  9. the introduction at trial of evidence of a defendant's prior crimes risks significant prejudice. See, e. g., Spencer v. Texas
    Search
  10. Patterson v. New
    Search
  11. and Specht v. Patterson
    Search
  12. crime does not exceed constitutional limits on the legislature's power to define the elements of an offense. McMillan v. Pennsylvania
    Search
  13. of proof might apply to sentencing determinations bearing significantly on the severity of sentence. Cf. United States v. Watts
    Search
  14. hearing. Almendarez-Torres pointed out that an indictment must set forth all the elements of a crime. See Hamling v. United
    Search
  15. to impose a higher sentence when the unlawfully returning alien also has a record of prior convictions. United States v. Vasquez-Olvera
    Search
  16. see United States v. Forbes
    Search
  17. United States v. DeLeon-Rodriguez
    Search
  18. United States v. Crawford
    Search
  19. United States v. Munoz-Cerna
    Search
  20. United States v. Haggerty
    Search
  21. United States v. Valdez
    Search
  22. United States v. Palacios-Casquete
    Search
  23. cf. United States v. Cole
    Search
  24. b)(1)). The Ninth Circuit, however, has reached the opposite conclusion. United States v. Gonzalez-Medina
    Search
  25. among the Circuits. II An indictment must set forth each element of the crime that it charges. Hamling v. United
    Search
  26. U. S. 79 , 84-91 (1986), the question of which factors are which is normally a matter for Congress. See Staples v. United
    Search
  27. particularly in the case of federal crimes, which are solely creatures of statute''') (quoting Liparota v. United
    Search
  28. help courts determine a statute's objectives and thereby illuminate its text. 229 See, e. g., United States v. Wells
    Search
  29. Garrett v. United
    Search
  30. crimes (at least where the conduct, in the absence of the recidivism, is independently unlawful). E. g., United States v. McGatha
    Search
  31. United States v. Arango-Montoya
    Search
  32. United States v. Jackson
    Search
  33. forth substantive crimes, in respect to which subsection (a) would define a lesser included offense, see Blockburger v. United
    Search
  34. to be cumulatively punished for two crimes where one crime is a lesser included offense of the other. See Whalen v. United
    Search
  35. about the meaning of a statute. Trainmen v. Baltimore
    Search
  36. see also INS v. National
    Search
  37. the introduction of evidence of a defendant's prior crimes risks significant prejudice. See, e. g., Spencer v. Texas
    Search
  38. if a defendant's stipulation were to keep the name and details of the previous offense from the jury, see Old Chief v. United
    Search
  39. to create this kind of unfairness in respect to facts that are almost never contested. See, e. g., United States v. Forbes
    Search
  40. United States v. Rumney
    Search
  41. Government of Virgin Islands v. Castillo
    Search
  42. however, are beside the point. They do not declare the meaning of earlier law. Cf. Federal Housing Administration v. Darlington
    Search
  43. U. S. 84 , 90 (1958). They do not seek to clarify an earlier enacted general term. Cf. Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC
    Search
  44. effectiveness upon clarification, or a change in the meaning of an earlier statute. Cf. Seatrain Shipbuilding Corp. v. Shell
    Search
  45. United 238 States v. Jin
    Search
  46. Fuey Moy, 241 U. S. 394 , 401 (1916) (citing United States ex rel. Attorney General v. Delaware
    Search
  47. see also Ashwander v. TVA
    Search
  48. see also FTC v. American
    Search
  49. Syllabus Almendarez-Torres V. United
    Search
  50. Hamling v. United
    Search

AI Briefs · Semantic Search · Save & annotate judgments

Start your 7-day free trial