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United States Vs. Bajakajian

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  • US Supreme Court
  • Nov 04, 1997

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69 entries 5 linked 64 unlinked
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  1. Van Oster Vs. Kansas US Supreme Court · Nov 22, 1926
  2. Rummel Vs. Estelle US Supreme Court · Mar 18, 1980
  3. United States Vs. Jordan US Supreme Court · Mar 02, 1885
  4. Solem Vs. Helm US Supreme Court · Jun 28, 1983
  5. United States Vs. Ursery US Supreme Court · Apr 17, 1996
  6. U.S. 321 (1997) October Term, 1997 Syllabus United States V. Bajakajian
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  7. limits the Government's power to extract payments, whether in cash or in kind, as punishment for some offense. Austin v. United
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  8. is that judgments about the appropriate punishment belong in the first instance to the legislature. See, e. g., Solem v. Helm
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  9. property itself. See, e. g., Harford v. United
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  10. of reimbursing the Government for the losses accruing from evasion of customs duties. See, e. g., Stockwell v. United
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  11. value of the property must be proportional to the culpability of the owner. Id., at 336 (citing United States v. Real
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  12. Browning-Ferris Industries of Vt., Inc. v. Kelco
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  13. the government's power to extract payments, whether in cash or in kind, 'as punishment for some offense.''' Austin v. United
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  14. One Lot Emerald Cut Stones v. United
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  15. as much.) This is sufficient to bring the forfeiture within the purview of the Excessive Fines Clause. See Austin v. United
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  16. Dobbins's Distillery v. United
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  17. rather than against the offender himself.5 See, e. g., Various Items of Personal Property v. United
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  18. indeed, the owner of forfeited property could be entirely innocent of any crime. See, e. g., Origet v. United
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  19. Calero-Toledo v. Pearson
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  20. Taylor v. United
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  21. see also United States v. Ursery
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  22. punishment even in part, regardless of whether the proceeding is styled in rem or in personam. See Austin v. United
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  23. Brief for United States 20 (quoting United States v. United
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  24. Forty-Five Thousand, One Hundred Thirty-Nine Dollars, 18 F.3d 73 , 75 (CA2), cert. denied sub nom. Etim v. United
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  25. is of recent vintage, see Austin v. United
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  26. see, e. g., J. W Goldsmith, Jr.-Grant Co. v. United
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  27. forfeitures have historically been limited to the property actually used to commit an offense and no more. See Austin v. United
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  28. of the forfeiture must bear some relationship to the gravity of the offense that it is designed to punish. See Austin v. United
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  29. Alexander v. United
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  30. facilitates the transportation of goods concealed to avoid taxes. See, e. g., J. W Goldsmith, Jr.-Grant Co. v. United
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  31. the Clause was taken verbatim from the English Bill of Rights of 1689. See Browning-Ferris Industries of Vt., Inc. v. Kelco
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  32. about the appropriate punishment for an offense belong in the first instance to the legislature. See, e. g., Solem v. Helm
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  33. see also Gore v. United
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  34. of gross disproportionality articulated in our Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause precedents. See, e. g., Solem v. Helm
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  35. the District Court found, re- siveness inquiry, of course, must be accepted unless clearly erroneous. See Anderson v. Bessemer
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  36. against the property itself on the theory that it was guilty, not against a criminal defendant. See, e. g., Harford v. United
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  37. Locke v. United
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  38. were similarly not considered punishments for criminal offenses. This Court so recognized in Stockwell v. United
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  39. than the in rem forfeitures of the goods to whose value they were proportioned.18 Cf. One Lot Emerald Cut Stones v. United
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  40. fine at issue here. Instead of instituting an information of libel in rem against the goods, see, e. g., Locke v. United
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  41. against the person from whom it sought payment. See, e. g., Stockwell v. United
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  42. United States v. Lyman
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  43. personam customs fines equal to one, two, three, or even four times the value of the goods at issue. E. g., Cross v. United
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  44. United States v. Riley
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  45. McGlinchy v. United
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  46. United States v. Hutchinson
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  47. King v. Manning
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  48. actual harm is punitive, though the potential harm may make the punishment a reasonable one. See TXO Production Corp. v. Alliance
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  49. In this respect, the Court cannot distinguish the case on which it twice relies, One Lot Emerald Cut Stones v. United
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  50. from those incidentally related to it. Austin v. United
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