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United States Vs. Ursery

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  • US Supreme Court
  • Apr 17, 1996

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  1. United States Ex Rel. Marcus Vs. Hess US Supreme Court · Jan 18, 1943
  2. Bennis Vs. Michigan US Supreme Court · Nov 29, 1995
  3. United States Vs. Halper US Supreme Court · May 15, 1989
  4. United States Vs. Ward US Supreme Court · Jun 27, 1980
  5. North Carolina Vs. Pearce US Supreme Court · Jun 23, 1969
  6. U.S. 267 (1996) October Term, 1995 Syllabus United States V. Ursery
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  7. his property for that same offense in a separate civil proceeding. The courts reasoned in part that United States v. Halper
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  8. U. S. 435 , and Austin v. United
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  9. not apply to such forfeitures because they do not impose punishment, see, e. g., Various Items of Personal Property v. United
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  10. One Lot Emerald Cut Stones v. United
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  11. States, 409 U. S. 232, 235-236 (per curiam). In its most recent case, United States v. One
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  12. personam civil penalties such as fines, and does not constitute a punishment for double jeopardy purposes. See Gore v. United
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  13. U. S. 386 , 392. The Courts of Appeals misread Halper, Austin, and Department of Revenue of Mont. v. Kurth
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  14. that both are tied to criminal activity is insufficient in itself to render them punitive. See, e. g., United States v. Ward
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  15. F.3d 568 (1995). The court based its conclusion in part upon its belief that our decisions in United States v. Halper
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  16. U. S. 435 (1989), and Austin v. United
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  17. U. S. 688 , 696 (1993), citing North Carolina v. Pearce
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  18. Witte v. United
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  19. States, 515 U. S. 389 , 396 (1995) (emphasis deleted), quoting Helvering v. Mitchell
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  20. cf. Calero-Toledo v. Pearson
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  21. the relationship between the Double Jeopardy Clause and civil forfeiture was Various Items of Personal Property v. United
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  22. question the constitutionality of forfeiture statutes thought constitutional for over a century. See United States v. CurtissWright
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  23. consider another double jeopardy case involving a civil forfeiture for 40 years. Then, in One Lot Emerald Cut Stones v. United
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  24. under the Double Jeopardy Clause, we again affirmed the rule of Various Items. In 277 United States v. One
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  25. Ibid., citing Calero-Toledo v. Pearson
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  26. U. S., at 365, quoting United States v. Ward
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  27. Firearms, supra, at 366, quoting Rex Trailer Co. v. United
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  28. civil penalties such as fines, and does not constitute a punishment under the Double Jeopardy Clause. See Gore v. United
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  29. Various Items. According to the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, through our decisions in United States v. Halper
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  30. U. S. 435 (1989), Austin v. United
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  31. States, 509 U. S. 602 (1993), and Department of Revenue of Mont. v. Kurth
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  32. U. S., at 622 (citation omitted). In Department of Revenue of Mont. v. Kurth
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  33. we have balanced the size of a particular civil penalty against the Government's harm. See, e. g., Rex Trailer Co. v. United
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  34. as also serving either retributive or deterrent purposes, is punishment.''' Post, at 306, quoting United States v. Halper
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  35. by JUSTICE STEVENS in Halper would supplant, not mimic, see post, at 306, the rule of United States v. One
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  36. Assortment of 89 Firearms, 465 U. S. 354 (1984), and One Lot Emerald Cut Stones v. United
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  37. at 608, n. 4. And in Austin we expressly recognized and approved our decisions in One Lot Emerald Cut Stones v. United
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  38. States, 409 U. S. 232 (1972), and United States v. One
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  39. clearly that it intended a civil, not a criminal sanction.''' 89 Firearms, supra, at 363, quoting Helvering v. Mitchell
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  40. their property and ensures that they will not permit that property to be used for illegal purposes. See Bennis v. Michigan
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  41. CaleroToledo, 416 U. S., at 677-678. We recently reaffirmed this conclusion in Bennis v. Michigan
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  42. JUSTICE KENNEDY, concurring. I join the Court's opinion and add these further observations. In Austin v. United
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  43. a)(7) at issue here as punitive. In Libretti v. United
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  44. Justices of Boston Municipal Court v. Lydon
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  45. Jones v. Thomas
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  46. Although there is language in our cases to the contrary, see One 1958 Plymouth Sedan v. Pennsylvania
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  47. Boyd v. United
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  48. is not punishment of the wrongdoer for his criminal offense. We made this clear in Various Items of Personal Property v. United
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  49. It is the owner who feels the pain and receives the stigma of the forfeiture, not the property. See United States v. United
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  50. the property was used in a crime, but this does not make forfeiture a punishment for those offenses. See United States v. One
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