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Shaw Vs. Reno

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  • US Supreme Court
  • Apr 20, 1993

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73 entries 8 linked 65 unlinked
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  1. Reynolds Vs. Sims US Supreme Court · Jun 15, 1964
  2. MclaughlIn Vs. Florida US Supreme Court · Dec 07, 1964
    Relied / Followed
  3. Gomillion Vs. Lightfoot US Supreme Court · Nov 14, 1960
  4. Morris Vs. Gressette US Supreme Court · Jun 20, 1977
  5. Thornburg Vs. Gingles US Supreme Court · Jun 30, 1986
  6. Voinovich Vs. Quilter US Supreme Court · Dec 08, 1992
  7. Plessy Vs. Ferguson US Supreme Court · May 18, 1896
  8. Yick Wo Vs. Hopkins US Supreme Court · May 10, 1886
  9. U.S. 630 (1993) October Term, 1992 Syllabus Shaw Et Al. V. Reno
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  10. the state appellees, finding, among other things, that, under United Jewish Organizations of Williams burgh, Inc. v. Carey
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  11. Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan
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  12. S. 252 , 266-must be narrowly tailored to further a compelling governmental interest. See, e. g., Wy gant v. Jackson
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  13. race demands the same close scrutiny, regardless of the motivations underlying its adoption. See, e. g., Gomillion v. Lightfoot
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  14. Shaw v. Barr
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  15. in Federal District Court, alleging that the plan constituted an unconstitutional political gerrymander under Davis v. Bandemer
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  16. U. S. 109 (1986). That claim was dismissed, see Pope v. Blue
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  17. F. Supp. 392 (WDNC), and this Court summarily affirmed, 506 U. S. 801 (1992). Shortly after the complaint in Pope v. Blue
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  18. principle, see Reynolds v. Sims
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  19. challenged the Attorney General's preclearance decisions, their claim was foreclosed by this Court's holding in Morris v. Gressette
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  20. at 468-469. That claim, the majority concluded, was barred by United Jewish Organizations of Williamsburgh, Inc. v. Carey
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  21. in a manner that was alleged to exclude black voters, and only black voters, from the city limits. Gomillion v. Lightfoot
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  22. persisted in parts of this country nearly a century after ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment. See South Carolina v. Katzenbach
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  23. Allen v. State
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  24. are adopted with a discriminatory purpose and have the effect of diluting minority voting strength. See, e. g., Rogers v. Lodge
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  25. see Thornburg v. Gingles
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  26. see also Voinovich v. Quilter
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  27. Constitution, see Plessy v. Ferguson
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  28. purpose is to prevent the States from purposefully discriminating between individuals on the basis of race. Washington v. Davis
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  29. is necessary when the racial classification appears on the face of the statute. See Personnel Administrator of Mass. v. Feeney
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  30. U. S. 256 , 272 (1979). Accord, Washington v. Seattle
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  31. Hirabayas hi v. United
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  32. States, 320 U. S. 81 , 100 (1943). Accord, Loving v. Virginia
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  33. because of their race to be narrowly tailored to further a compelling governmental interest. See, e. g., Wygant v. Jackson
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  34. is presumptively invalid and can be upheld only 644 upon an extraordinary justification. Brown v. Board
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  35. as well to a classification that is ostensibly neutral but is an obvious pretext for racial discrimination. Yick Wo v. Hopkins
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  36. Guinn v. United
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  37. cf. Lane v. Wilson
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  38. other state laws that classify citizens by race. Our voting rights precedents support that conclusion. In Guinn v. United
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  39. see also Mobile v. Bolden
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  40. their adoption. The Court extended the reasoning of Gomillion to congressional districting in Wright v. Rockefeller
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  41. emphasize that these criteria are important not because they are constitutionally required-they are not, cf. Gaffney v. Cummings
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  42. objective factors that may serve to defeat a claim that a district has been gerrymandered on racial lines. Cf. Karcher v. Daggett
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  43. at the polls. We have rejected such perceptions elsewhere as impermissible racial stereotypes. See, e. g., Holland v. Illinois
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  44. see also Ed monson v. Leesville
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  45. antithetical to our system of representative democracy. As Justice Douglas explained in his dissent in Wright v. Rockefeller
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  46. the challenged practice has the purpose and effect of diluting a racial group's voting strength. See, e. g., Rogers v. Lodge
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  47. Mobile v. Bolden
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  48. WHITE, J.). This Court has held political gerrymanders to be justiciable under the Equal Protection Clause. See Davis v. Bande
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  49. classifications receive close scrutiny even when they may be said to burden or benefit the races equally. See Powers v. Ohio
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  50. See Growe v. Emison
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