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Schad Vs. Arizona

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  • US Supreme Court
  • Jun 21, 1991

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  1. Apodaca Vs. Oregon US Supreme Court · May 22, 1972
  2. Speiser Vs. Randall US Supreme Court · Jun 30, 1958
  3. U.S. 624 (1991) U.S. Supreme Court Schad v. Arizona
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  4. U.S. 624 (1991) Schad v. Arizona
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  5. the jury to agree on a single theory of first-degree murder. The court also rejected Schad's argument that Beck v. Alabama
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  6. affirmed. JUSTICE SOUTER delivered the opinion of the Court with respect to Part III, concluding that Beck v. Alabama
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  7. what facts are necessary to constitute a particular offense within the meaning of Winship. See, e.g., Patterson v. New
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  8. prove a single offense of first-degree murder finds substantial historical and contemporary echoes. See, e.g., People v. Sullivan
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  9. State v. Buckman
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  10. is the moral equivalent of premeditation, it is clear that such equivalence could reasonably be found. See Tison v. Arizona
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  11. was guilty of premeditated murder or felony murder is unconstitutional, and whether the principle recognized in Beck v. Alabama
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  12. P.2d at 1168 (quoting State v. Encinas
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  13. P.2d 624, 627 (1982)) (citations omitted). The court also rejected petitioner's argument that Beck v. Alabama
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  14. a unanimous jury in state capital cases, as distinct from those where lesser penalties are imposed. See Johnson v. Louisiana
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  15. need not specify which overt act, among several named, was the means by which a crime was committed. In Andersen v. United
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  16. U. S. 504 , we explained that it was immaterial whether death was caused by one means or the other. Cf. Borum v. United
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  17. St. Clair v. United
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  18. McKoy v. North
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  19. the other the intent required for murder combined with the commission of an independently culpable felony. See State v. Serna
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  20. so vague that people of common intelligence would be relegated to differing guesses about its meaning, see Lanzetta v. New
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  21. Jersey, 306 U. S. 451 , 306 U. S. 453 (1939) (citing Connally v. General
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  22. U. S. 513 , 357 U. S. 523 (1958) (quoting Snyder v. Massachusetts
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  23. the requisite specificity of the charge may not be compromised by the joining of separate offenses, see United States v. UCO
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  24. circuits, deriving primarily from the decision of the Fifth Circuit Page 501 U. S. 634 in United States v. Gipson
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  25. as the appropriate test. E.g., United States v. Peterson
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  26. United States v. Duncan
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  27. F.2d 1104, 1113 (CA6 1988), cert. denied Page 501 U. S. 635 sub nom. Downing v. United
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  28. State v. Baldwin
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  29. is too indeterminate to provide concrete guidance to courts faced with verdict specificity questions. See, e.g., Rice v. State
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  30. Manson v. State
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  31. See post at 501 U. S. 656 -658 (citing In re Winship, 397 U. S. 358 (1970), and Sandstrom v. Montana
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  32. rather, it is a substantial question of statutory construction. See, e.g., United States v. UCO
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  33. that determination and conclude that the alternatives are, in fact, independent elements under state law. See Mullaney v. Wilbur
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  34. Murdock v. City
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  35. is a distillate of the concept of due process with its demands for fundamental fairness, see, e.g., Dowling v. United
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  36. by a court. Respect for this legislative competence counsels restraint against judicial second-guessing, cf. Rostker v. Goldberg
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  37. preventing and dealing with crime is much more the business of the States than it is of the Federal Government, Irvine v. California
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  38. Patterson v. New
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  39. Martin v. Ohio
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  40. by allowing the prosecution to prove an aggravating fact by some standard less than that of reasonable doubt, McMillan v. Pennsylvania
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  41. A series of state court decisions, beginning with the leading case of People v. Sullivan
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  42. Id. at 127, 65 N.E. at 989-990. See People v. Milan
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  43. People v. Travis
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  44. State v. Fuhrmann
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  45. State v. Wilson
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  46. Commonwealth v. Devlin
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  47. People v. Embree
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  48. James v. State
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  49. State v. Tillman
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  50. U.S. Supreme Court Schad v. Arizona
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