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Wygant Vs. Jackson Bd. of Educ.
Cites for this judgment
- US Supreme Court
- May 19, 1986
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Wygant v. JacksonSearch
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Bd. of Educ. - 476 U.S. 267 (1986) U.S. Supreme Court Wygant v. JacksonSearch
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Bd. of Educ., 476 U.S. 267 (1986) Wygant v. JacksonSearch
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two minority teachers who had been laid off, brought suit in federal court, id. at 30 ( Jackson Education Assn. v. BoardSearch
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claims. Rather than taking an appeal, the plaintiffs instituted a suit in state court, Jackson Education Assn. v. BoardSearch
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U. S. 1 , 388 U. S. 11 (1967), quoting Hirabayashi v. UnitedSearch
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University of California Regents v. BakkeSearch
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a group that historically has not been subject to governmental discrimination. Mississippi University for Women v. HoganSearch
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Shelley v. KraemerSearch
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Loving v. VirginiaSearch
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Graham v. RichardsonSearch
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of racial classifications in order to remedy such discrimination. This Court's reasoning in Hazelwood School District v. UnitedSearch
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Id. at 433 U. S. 307 , quoting Teamsters v. UnitedSearch
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as the justification for, and the limitation on, a State's adoption of race-based remedies. See also Swann v. Charlotte-MecklenburgSearch
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the small percentage of black teachers by reference to the small percentage of black students. See United States v. HazelwoodSearch
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idea that black students are better off with black teachers could lead to the very system the Court rejected in Brown v. BoardSearch
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under two interrelated constitutional duties. They are under a clear command from this Court, starting with Brown v. BoardSearch
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Pursuant to that goal, race-conscious remedial action may be necessary. North Carolina State Board of Education v. SwannSearch
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quoting McLaughlin v. FloridaSearch
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Id. at 448 U. S. 484 , quoting Franks v. BowmanSearch
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expressed concern over the burden that a preferential layoffs scheme imposes on innocent parties. See Firefighters v. StottsSearch
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Steelworkers v. WeberSearch
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district collective bargaining agreements constitute state action for purposes of the Fourteenth Amendment. Abood v. DetroitSearch
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Similarly, the Court approved the hiring program in Steelworkers v. WeberSearch
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There are cases involving alteration of strict seniority layoffs, see, e.g., Ford Motor Co. v. HuffmanSearch
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Aeronautical Industrial District Lodge 727 v. CampbellSearch
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involve the same basic concepts as cases involving hiring goals, illustrate this principle. For example, in DeFunis v. OdegaardSearch
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because of his race, he also had been accepted at the Oregon, Idaho, Gonzaga, and Willamette Law Schools. DeFunis v. OdegaardSearch
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victims of individual discrimination, a court may in an appropriate case award competitive seniority. See Franks v. BowmanSearch
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however defined. See, e.g., Fullilove v. KlutznickSearch
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Women v. HoganSearch
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rather than attempting to alleviate the wrongs suffered through general societal discrimination. See, e.g., Fullilove v. KlutznickSearch
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Bakke, supra, at 438 U. S. 364 (opinion of BRENNAN, WHITE, MARSHALL, and BLACKMUN, JJ.). Cf. Steelworkers v. WeberSearch
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Albemarle Paper Co. v. MoodySearch
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Alexander v. Gardner-DenverSearch
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result that what private employers may voluntarily do to correct apparent violations of Title VII, Steelworkers v. WeberSearch
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absence of a specific finding of past discrimination. See, e.g., United Jewish Organizations of Williamsburgh, Inc. v. CareySearch
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take affirmative steps to eliminate the continuing effects of past unconstitutional discrimination. See, e.g., Swann v. Charlotte-MecklenburgSearch
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Green v. NewSearch
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those hired that one may draw an inference of deliberate discrimination in employment. See Hazelwood School District v. UnitedSearch
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of discrimination Page 476 U. S. 296 in the Jackson schools were litigated, Jackson Education Assn. v. BoardSearch
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